{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:2002-01-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2002-01-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-01-16","date_display":"January 16, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452290.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863825.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.7375,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":302.3958,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":30.6583,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.6583},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":302.3958,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.0625},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":214.1333},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":5,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452290.770833,"ahargana":1863825.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8815,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.84691599999996,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":299.534216,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.7655},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":334.00461599999994,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":289.91441599999996,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":74.70611600000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":272.208216,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":44.534216000000015,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":65.5678,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":245.5678,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452290.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863825.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.7375,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":302.3958,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":30.6583,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.6583},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":302.3958,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.0625},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":214.1333},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":5,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.765,"elongation":30.658},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.765,"opposition_distance":149.342}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:46","sunsetLocal":"17:30","solarNoonLocal":"12:08","dayLengthHours":10.738882989100944,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 44 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 15 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:22","moonsetLocal":"19:35","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:08","end":"13:28","startHours":12.129955025696294,"endHours":13.472315399333912,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:06","end":"09:27","startHours":8.10287390478344,"endHours":9.445234278421058,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:47","end":"12:08","startHours":10.787594652058676,"endHours":12.129955025696294,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:16","end":"09:37","startHours":9.266252895269375,"endHours":9.62421566157274,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:12","end":"07:30","startHours":7.207966989025027,"endHours":7.494337202067719,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:46","end":"12:29","startHours":11.77199225939293,"endHours":12.487917791999658,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:20","end":"06:03","startHours":5.3286624659323625,"endHours":6.044587998539091,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:52","end":"06:46","startHours":5.865606615387409,"endHours":6.760513531145821,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:38","startHours":13.919768857213118,"endHours":14.635694389819847,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:18","end":"17:42","startHours":17.299396520246766,"endHours":17.699396520246765,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:30","end":"17:57","startHours":17.499396520246766,"endHours":17.94684997812597,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:15","end":"19:00","startHours":17.249396520246766,"endHours":18.999396520246766,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:46","end":"00:29","startHours":23.771992259392928,"endHours":24.48791779199966,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:46","end":"08:06","startHours":6.760513531145821,"endHours":8.10287390478344,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:06","end":"09:27","startHours":8.10287390478344,"endHours":9.445234278421058,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:27","end":"10:47","startHours":9.445234278421058,"endHours":10.787594652058676,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:47","end":"12:08","startHours":10.787594652058676,"endHours":12.129955025696294,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:08","end":"13:28","startHours":12.129955025696294,"endHours":13.472315399333912,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:28","end":"14:49","startHours":13.472315399333912,"endHours":14.81467577297153,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:49","end":"16:09","startHours":14.81467577297153,"endHours":16.157036146609148,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:09","end":"17:30","startHours":16.157036146609148,"endHours":17.499396520246766,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:30","end":"19:09","startHours":17.499396520246766,"endHours":19.157036146609148,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:09","end":"20:49","startHours":19.157036146609148,"endHours":20.81467577297153,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:49","end":"22:28","startHours":20.81467577297153,"endHours":22.47231539933391,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:28","end":"00:08","startHours":22.47231539933391,"endHours":24.129955025696294,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:08","end":"01:47","startHours":24.129955025696294,"endHours":25.787594652058676,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:47","end":"03:27","startHours":25.787594652058676,"endHours":27.445234278421058,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:27","end":"05:06","startHours":27.445234278421058,"endHours":29.10287390478344,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:06","end":"06:46","startHours":29.10287390478344,"endHours":30.760513531145822,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:46","end":"07:46","startHours":6.760513531145821,"endHours":7.760513531145821,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:46","end":"08:46","startHours":7.760513531145821,"endHours":8.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:46","end":"09:46","startHours":8.760513531145822,"endHours":9.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:46","end":"10:46","startHours":9.760513531145822,"endHours":10.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:46","end":"11:46","startHours":10.760513531145822,"endHours":11.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:46","end":"12:46","startHours":11.760513531145822,"endHours":12.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:46","end":"13:46","startHours":12.760513531145822,"endHours":13.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:46","end":"14:46","startHours":13.760513531145822,"endHours":14.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:46","end":"15:46","startHours":14.760513531145822,"endHours":15.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:46","end":"16:46","startHours":15.760513531145822,"endHours":16.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:46","end":"17:46","startHours":16.760513531145822,"endHours":17.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:46","end":"18:46","startHours":17.760513531145822,"endHours":18.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:46","end":"19:46","startHours":18.760513531145822,"endHours":19.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:46","end":"20:46","startHours":19.760513531145822,"endHours":20.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:46","end":"21:46","startHours":20.760513531145822,"endHours":21.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:46","end":"22:46","startHours":21.760513531145822,"endHours":22.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:46","end":"23:46","startHours":22.760513531145822,"endHours":23.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:46","end":"00:46","startHours":23.760513531145822,"endHours":24.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:46","end":"01:46","startHours":24.760513531145822,"endHours":25.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:46","end":"02:46","startHours":25.760513531145822,"endHours":26.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:46","end":"03:46","startHours":26.760513531145822,"endHours":27.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:46","end":"04:46","startHours":27.760513531145822,"endHours":28.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:46","end":"05:46","startHours":28.760513531145822,"endHours":29.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:46","end":"06:46","startHours":29.760513531145822,"endHours":30.760513531145822,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.995952301495958,"eotMinutes":-9.692901541777706,"ayanamsa":23.8815}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 16, 2002 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 16, 2002 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Śukla Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 06:46, sūryāsta 17:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2002-01-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2002-01-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2002-01-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2002-01-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2002-01-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T09:05:35.842Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T09:05:35.842Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T09:05:35.842Z","pillar_versions":{"BOB-History":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}