{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:2001-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452180.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863715.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.3642,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":288.8675,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":128.5033,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.5033},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3,"moon_longitude":288.8675,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.8675},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":89.2317},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":21,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452180.770833,"ahargana":1863715.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8773,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":161.11331900000005,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":291.37781900000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.7359},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":256.89951900000005,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":185.26261899999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":79.72731900000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":134.63011900000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":51.02151900000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":71.3961,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":251.3961,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452180.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863715.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.3642,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":288.8675,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":128.5033,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.5033},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3,"moon_longitude":288.8675,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.8675},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":89.2317},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":21,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.736,"elongation":128.503},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.736,"opposition_distance":51.497}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:48","sunsetLocal":"17:48","solarNoonLocal":"11:48","dayLengthHours":11.997818107356402,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 59 Mins 52 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 00 Mins 08 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:58","moonsetLocal":"02:00","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:18","end":"11:48","startHours":10.29899957811683,"endHours":11.798726841536379,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:48","end":"16:18","startHours":14.79818136837548,"endHours":16.29790863179503,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:18","end":"08:48","startHours":7.299545051277729,"endHours":8.79927231469728,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:36","end":"09:00","startHours":8.599308679574673,"endHours":8.999235949819886,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:18","end":"06:37","startHours":6.299726875664695,"endHours":6.619668691860866,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:24","end":"12:12","startHours":11.398799571291166,"endHours":12.198654111781591,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:12","end":"05:00","startHours":4.200108706877325,"endHours":4.999963247367752,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:48","end":"05:48","startHours":4.799999612245145,"endHours":5.799817787858179,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:48","end":"14:36","startHours":13.798363192762448,"endHours":14.598217733252875,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:36","end":"18:00","startHours":17.59763589521458,"endHours":17.99763589521458,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:48","end":"18:18","startHours":17.79763589521458,"endHours":18.297544983021098,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:33","end":"19:18","startHours":17.54763589521458,"endHours":19.29763589521458,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:24","end":"00:12","startHours":23.398799571291164,"endHours":24.198654111781593,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:48","end":"07:18","startHours":5.799817787858179,"endHours":7.299545051277729,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:18","end":"08:48","startHours":7.299545051277729,"endHours":8.79927231469728,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:48","end":"10:18","startHours":8.79927231469728,"endHours":10.29899957811683,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:18","end":"11:48","startHours":10.29899957811683,"endHours":11.798726841536379,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:48","end":"13:18","startHours":11.798726841536379,"endHours":13.29845410495593,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:18","end":"14:48","startHours":13.29845410495593,"endHours":14.79818136837548,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:48","end":"16:18","startHours":14.79818136837548,"endHours":16.29790863179503,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:18","end":"17:48","startHours":16.29790863179503,"endHours":17.79763589521458,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:48","end":"19:18","startHours":17.79763589521458,"endHours":19.29790863179503,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:18","end":"20:48","startHours":19.29790863179503,"endHours":20.79818136837548,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:48","end":"22:18","startHours":20.79818136837548,"endHours":22.29845410495593,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:18","end":"23:48","startHours":22.29845410495593,"endHours":23.79872684153638,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:48","end":"01:18","startHours":23.79872684153638,"endHours":25.298999578116828,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:18","end":"02:48","startHours":25.298999578116828,"endHours":26.799272314697276,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:48","end":"04:18","startHours":26.799272314697276,"endHours":28.29954505127773,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:18","end":"05:48","startHours":28.29954505127773,"endHours":29.799817787858178,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:48","end":"06:48","startHours":5.799817787858179,"endHours":6.799817787858179,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:48","end":"07:48","startHours":6.799817787858179,"endHours":7.799817787858179,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:48","end":"08:48","startHours":7.799817787858179,"endHours":8.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:48","end":"09:48","startHours":8.799817787858178,"endHours":9.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:48","end":"10:48","startHours":9.799817787858178,"endHours":10.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:48","end":"11:48","startHours":10.799817787858178,"endHours":11.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:48","end":"12:48","startHours":11.799817787858178,"endHours":12.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:48","end":"13:48","startHours":12.799817787858178,"endHours":13.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:48","end":"14:48","startHours":13.799817787858178,"endHours":14.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:48","end":"15:48","startHours":14.799817787858178,"endHours":15.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:48","end":"16:48","startHours":15.799817787858178,"endHours":16.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:48","end":"17:48","startHours":16.799817787858178,"endHours":17.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:48","end":"18:48","startHours":17.799817787858178,"endHours":18.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:48","end":"19:48","startHours":18.799817787858178,"endHours":19.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:48","end":"20:48","startHours":19.799817787858178,"endHours":20.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:48","end":"21:48","startHours":20.799817787858178,"endHours":21.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:48","end":"22:48","startHours":21.799817787858178,"endHours":22.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:48","end":"23:48","startHours":22.799817787858178,"endHours":23.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:48","end":"00:48","startHours":23.799817787858178,"endHours":24.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:48","end":"01:48","startHours":24.799817787858178,"endHours":25.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:48","end":"02:48","startHours":25.799817787858178,"endHours":26.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:48","end":"03:48","startHours":26.799817787858178,"endHours":27.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:48","end":"04:48","startHours":27.799817787858178,"endHours":28.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:48","end":"05:48","startHours":28.799817787858178,"endHours":29.799817787858178,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-1.982817976400295,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":23.8773}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Śukla Ekādaśī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"pashankusha-ekadashi","name":"Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"पाशाङ्कुशा एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Padmanābha (Viṣṇu)","significance":"Confers strength + wealth + son; equivalent to 1000 Aśvamedha-yajñas.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":4},{"id":"kanya-sankranti","name":"Kanyā Saṅkrānti (Mahālaya begins)","name_sanskrit":"कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Virgo; Mahālaya / Pitṛ-Pakṣa solar marker.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kanyā"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 2001 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 2001 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Śukla Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 05:48, sūryāsta 17:48.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T12:10:27.338Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T12:10:27.338Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T12:10:27.338Z","pillar_versions":{"BOB-History":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}