{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:2001-07-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-07-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-07-20","date_display":"July 20, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452110.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863645.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.0701,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":81.8103,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":348.7402,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.7402},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":81.8103,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.8103},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":174.8804},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452110.770833,"ahargana":1863645.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8746,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.53589399999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":82.618494,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.5249},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":231.19229399999995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":76.14789400000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":67.60549400000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":51.91699399999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":47.13559399999997,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":75.1051,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":255.1051,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452110.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863645.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.0701,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":81.8103,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":348.7402,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.7402},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":81.8103,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.8103},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":174.8804},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.525,"elongation":11.26},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.525,"opposition_distance":168.74}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:19","sunsetLocal":"18:49","solarNoonLocal":"12:04","dayLengthHours":13.504914093068855,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 30 Mins 18 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 29 Mins 42 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:33","moonsetLocal":"18:08","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:23","end":"12:04","startHours":10.38019609195235,"endHours":12.068310353585957,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:27","end":"17:08","startHours":15.444538876853171,"endHours":17.132653138486777,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:00","end":"08:42","startHours":7.003967568685137,"endHours":8.692081830318743,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:28","end":"08:55","startHours":8.466999928767596,"endHours":8.917163731869891,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:53","end":"06:14","startHours":5.878558060929398,"endHours":6.238689103411234,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:37","end":"12:31","startHours":11.618146550483662,"endHours":12.518474156688253,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:31","end":"04:25","startHours":3.515198094642349,"endHours":4.415525700846939,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:11","end":"05:19","startHours":4.190443799295792,"endHours":5.31585330705153,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:19","end":"15:13","startHours":14.319129369097432,"endHours":15.219456975302021,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:37","end":"19:01","startHours":18.620767400120386,"endHours":19.020767400120384,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:49","end":"19:23","startHours":18.820767400120385,"endHours":19.383472153998255,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:34","end":"20:19","startHours":18.570767400120385,"endHours":20.320767400120385,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:37","end":"00:31","startHours":23.61814655048366,"endHours":24.518474156688253,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:19","end":"07:00","startHours":5.31585330705153,"endHours":7.003967568685137,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:00","end":"08:42","startHours":7.003967568685137,"endHours":8.692081830318743,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:42","end":"10:23","startHours":8.692081830318743,"endHours":10.38019609195235,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:23","end":"12:04","startHours":10.38019609195235,"endHours":12.068310353585957,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:04","end":"13:45","startHours":12.068310353585957,"endHours":13.756424615219565,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:45","end":"15:27","startHours":13.756424615219565,"endHours":15.444538876853171,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:27","end":"17:08","startHours":15.444538876853171,"endHours":17.132653138486777,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:08","end":"18:49","startHours":17.132653138486777,"endHours":18.820767400120385,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:49","end":"20:08","startHours":18.820767400120385,"endHours":20.132653138486777,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:08","end":"21:27","startHours":20.132653138486777,"endHours":21.444538876853173,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:27","end":"22:45","startHours":21.444538876853173,"endHours":22.756424615219565,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:45","end":"00:04","startHours":22.756424615219565,"endHours":24.068310353585957,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:04","end":"01:23","startHours":24.068310353585957,"endHours":25.38019609195235,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:23","end":"02:42","startHours":25.38019609195235,"endHours":26.69208183031874,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:42","end":"04:00","startHours":26.69208183031874,"endHours":28.003967568685137,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:00","end":"05:19","startHours":28.003967568685137,"endHours":29.31585330705153,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:19","end":"06:19","startHours":5.31585330705153,"endHours":6.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:19","end":"07:19","startHours":6.31585330705153,"endHours":7.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:19","end":"08:19","startHours":7.31585330705153,"endHours":8.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:19","end":"09:19","startHours":8.31585330705153,"endHours":9.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:19","end":"10:19","startHours":9.31585330705153,"endHours":10.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:19","end":"11:19","startHours":10.31585330705153,"endHours":11.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:19","end":"12:19","startHours":11.31585330705153,"endHours":12.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:19","end":"13:19","startHours":12.31585330705153,"endHours":13.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:19","end":"14:19","startHours":13.31585330705153,"endHours":14.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:19","end":"15:19","startHours":14.31585330705153,"endHours":15.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:19","end":"16:19","startHours":15.31585330705153,"endHours":16.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:19","end":"17:19","startHours":16.31585330705153,"endHours":17.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:19","end":"18:19","startHours":17.31585330705153,"endHours":18.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:19","end":"19:19","startHours":18.31585330705153,"endHours":19.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:19","end":"20:19","startHours":19.31585330705153,"endHours":20.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:19","end":"21:19","startHours":20.31585330705153,"endHours":21.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:19","end":"22:19","startHours":21.31585330705153,"endHours":22.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:19","end":"23:19","startHours":22.31585330705153,"endHours":23.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:19","end":"00:19","startHours":23.31585330705153,"endHours":24.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:19","end":"01:19","startHours":24.31585330705153,"endHours":25.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:19","end":"02:19","startHours":25.31585330705153,"endHours":26.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:19","end":"03:19","startHours":26.31585330705153,"endHours":27.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:19","end":"04:19","startHours":27.31585330705153,"endHours":28.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:19","end":"05:19","startHours":28.31585330705153,"endHours":29.31585330705153,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":20.675785253347357,"eotMinutes":-5.99422121515736,"ayanamsa":23.8746}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 20, 2001 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 20, 2001 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 05:19, sūryāsta 18:49.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-07-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-07-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-07-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-07-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-07-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T11:37:25.315Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T11:37:25.315Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T11:37:25.316Z","pillar_versions":{"BOB-History":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}