{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:2001-05-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-05-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-05-16","date_display":"May 16, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452045.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863580.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.3565,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":308.8074,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":277.4509,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.4509},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":308.8074,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.1408},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":340.164},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":46,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452045.770833,"ahargana":1863580.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8722,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.382677,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":308.10317699999996,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.4588},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":244.97957700000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":52.52507700000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":52.85217699999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":348.090277,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":39.212676999999985,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":78.5491,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":258.5491,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452045.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863580.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.3565,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":308.8074,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":277.4509,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.4509},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":308.8074,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.1408},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":340.164},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":46,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.459,"elongation":82.549},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.459,"opposition_distance":97.451}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:13","sunsetLocal":"18:36","solarNoonLocal":"11:54","dayLengthHours":13.387355659074514,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 23 Mins 14 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 36 Mins 46 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:39","moonsetLocal":"12:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:54","end":"13:35","startHours":11.906019084020208,"endHours":13.579438541404523,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:53","end":"08:34","startHours":6.885760711867267,"endHours":8.559180169251581,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:14","end":"11:54","startHours":10.232599626635896,"endHours":11.906019084020208,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:20","end":"08:47","startHours":8.336057574933672,"endHours":8.78230276356949,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:46","end":"06:08","startHours":5.770147740277724,"endHours":6.127143891186378,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:21","startHours":11.45977389538439,"endHours":12.352264272656026,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:26","end":"04:19","startHours":3.4273604999396836,"endHours":4.319850877211318,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:06","end":"05:13","startHours":4.09672828289341,"endHours":5.212341254482952,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"15:02","startHours":14.137245027199295,"endHours":15.02973540447093,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:24","end":"18:48","startHours":18.399696913557467,"endHours":18.799696913557465,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:36","end":"19:09","startHours":18.599696913557466,"endHours":19.157503399352237,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:21","end":"20:06","startHours":18.349696913557466,"endHours":20.099696913557466,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:21","startHours":23.45977389538439,"endHours":24.352264272656026,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:13","end":"06:53","startHours":5.212341254482952,"endHours":6.885760711867267,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:53","end":"08:34","startHours":6.885760711867267,"endHours":8.559180169251581,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:34","end":"10:14","startHours":8.559180169251581,"endHours":10.232599626635896,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:14","end":"11:54","startHours":10.232599626635896,"endHours":11.906019084020208,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:54","end":"13:35","startHours":11.906019084020208,"endHours":13.579438541404523,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:35","end":"15:15","startHours":13.579438541404523,"endHours":15.252857998788837,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:15","end":"16:56","startHours":15.252857998788837,"endHours":16.926277456173153,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:56","end":"18:36","startHours":16.926277456173153,"endHours":18.599696913557466,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:36","end":"19:56","startHours":18.599696913557466,"endHours":19.926277456173153,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:56","end":"21:15","startHours":19.926277456173153,"endHours":21.252857998788837,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:15","end":"22:35","startHours":21.252857998788837,"endHours":22.579438541404524,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:35","end":"23:54","startHours":22.579438541404524,"endHours":23.90601908402021,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:54","end":"01:14","startHours":23.90601908402021,"endHours":25.232599626635896,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:14","end":"02:34","startHours":25.232599626635896,"endHours":26.559180169251583,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:34","end":"03:53","startHours":26.559180169251583,"endHours":27.885760711867267,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:53","end":"05:13","startHours":27.885760711867267,"endHours":29.21234125448295,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":5.212341254482952,"endHours":6.212341254482952,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":6.212341254482952,"endHours":7.212341254482952,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.212341254482952,"endHours":8.212341254482952,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.212341254482952,"endHours":9.212341254482952,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.212341254482952,"endHours":10.212341254482952,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.212341254482952,"endHours":11.212341254482952,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.212341254482952,"endHours":12.212341254482952,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.212341254482952,"endHours":13.212341254482952,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.212341254482952,"endHours":14.212341254482952,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.212341254482952,"endHours":15.212341254482952,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.212341254482952,"endHours":16.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.21234125448295,"endHours":17.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.21234125448295,"endHours":18.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.21234125448295,"endHours":19.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.21234125448295,"endHours":20.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.21234125448295,"endHours":21.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.21234125448295,"endHours":22.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.21234125448295,"endHours":23.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.21234125448295,"endHours":24.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.21234125448295,"endHours":25.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.21234125448295,"endHours":26.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.21234125448295,"endHours":27.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.21234125448295,"endHours":28.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.21234125448295,"endHours":29.21234125448295,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śrīvatsa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.075569794521623,"eotMinutes":3.743254958787478,"ayanamsa":23.8722}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrishabha-sankranti","name":"Vṛṣabha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृषभ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Taurus.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛṣabha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 16, 2001 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 16, 2001 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 05:13, sūryāsta 18:36.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-05-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-05-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-05-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-05-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2001-05-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:44:21.821Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:44:21.821Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:44:21.821Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}