{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:1997-05-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1997-05-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-05-16","date_display":"May 16, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450584.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862119.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.3901,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":138.1036,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":106.7135,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7135},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":138.1036,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.7702},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":169.4937},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450584.770833,"ahargana":1862119.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8163,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.407697999999982,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":138.686598,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.3786},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":144.852598,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":7.608198000000016,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":297.185298,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":42.786598000000026,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":351.915998,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":155.9599,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":335.9599,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450584.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862119.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.3901,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":138.1036,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":106.7135,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7135},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":138.1036,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.7702},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":169.4937},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.379,"elongation":106.714},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.379,"opposition_distance":73.286}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:13","sunsetLocal":"18:36","solarNoonLocal":"11:54","dayLengthHours":13.38681781122802,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 23 Mins 13 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 36 Mins 47 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:48","moonsetLocal":"01:19","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:14","end":"11:54","startHours":10.232666857616705,"endHours":11.906019084020208,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:15","end":"16:56","startHours":15.252723536827212,"endHours":16.926075763230717,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:53","end":"08:34","startHours":6.8859624048097,"endHours":8.559314631213201,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:20","end":"08:47","startHours":8.336201001026069,"endHours":8.782428261400336,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:46","end":"06:08","startHours":5.770394253874032,"endHours":6.127376062173446,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:21","startHours":11.459791823645942,"endHours":12.352246344394475,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:26","end":"04:19","startHours":3.4277011369091275,"endHours":4.320155657657662,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:06","end":"05:13","startHours":4.097042027470529,"endHours":5.212610178406197,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"15:02","startHours":14.137155385891543,"endHours":15.029609906640077,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:24","end":"18:48","startHours":18.39942798963422,"endHours":18.799427989634218,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:36","end":"19:09","startHours":18.59942798963422,"endHours":19.15721206510205,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:21","end":"20:06","startHours":18.34942798963422,"endHours":20.09942798963422,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:21","startHours":23.45979182364594,"endHours":24.352246344394477,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:13","end":"06:53","startHours":5.212610178406197,"endHours":6.8859624048097,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"06:53","end":"08:34","startHours":6.8859624048097,"endHours":8.559314631213201,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:34","end":"10:14","startHours":8.559314631213201,"endHours":10.232666857616705,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:14","end":"11:54","startHours":10.232666857616705,"endHours":11.906019084020208,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:54","end":"13:35","startHours":11.906019084020208,"endHours":13.57937131042371,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:35","end":"15:15","startHours":13.57937131042371,"endHours":15.252723536827212,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:15","end":"16:56","startHours":15.252723536827212,"endHours":16.926075763230717,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:56","end":"18:36","startHours":16.926075763230717,"endHours":18.59942798963422,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:36","end":"19:56","startHours":18.59942798963422,"endHours":19.926075763230717,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:56","end":"21:15","startHours":19.926075763230717,"endHours":21.25272353682721,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:15","end":"22:35","startHours":21.25272353682721,"endHours":22.57937131042371,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:35","end":"23:54","startHours":22.57937131042371,"endHours":23.90601908402021,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:54","end":"01:14","startHours":23.90601908402021,"endHours":25.232666857616707,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:14","end":"02:34","startHours":25.232666857616707,"endHours":26.559314631213205,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:34","end":"03:53","startHours":26.559314631213205,"endHours":27.8859624048097,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:53","end":"05:13","startHours":27.8859624048097,"endHours":29.212610178406198,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":5.212610178406197,"endHours":6.212610178406197,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":6.212610178406197,"endHours":7.212610178406197,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.212610178406197,"endHours":8.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.212610178406198,"endHours":9.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.212610178406198,"endHours":10.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.212610178406198,"endHours":11.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.212610178406198,"endHours":12.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.212610178406198,"endHours":13.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.212610178406198,"endHours":14.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.212610178406198,"endHours":15.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.212610178406198,"endHours":16.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.212610178406198,"endHours":17.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.212610178406198,"endHours":18.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.212610178406198,"endHours":19.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.212610178406198,"endHours":20.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.212610178406198,"endHours":21.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.212610178406198,"endHours":22.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.212610178406198,"endHours":23.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.212610178406198,"endHours":24.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.212610178406198,"endHours":25.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.212610178406198,"endHours":26.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.212610178406198,"endHours":27.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.212610178406198,"endHours":28.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.212610178406198,"endHours":29.212610178406198,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.068160789005006,"eotMinutes":3.743254958787478,"ayanamsa":23.8163}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrishabha-sankranti","name":"Vṛṣabha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृषभ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Taurus.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛṣabha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 16, 1997 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 16, 1997 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 05:13, sūryāsta 18:36.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1997-05-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1997-05-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1997-05-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1997-05-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1997-05-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:41:40.680Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:41:40.680Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T13:41:40.680Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}