{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:1981-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1981-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1981-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 1981 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1981,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2444969.770833,"kali_year":5083,"ahargana":1856504.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.4745,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":310.2649,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":54.7904,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.7904},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":310.2649,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.5983},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":205.7394},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1981,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2444969.770833,"ahargana":1856504.2708,"kali_year":5083,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.6015,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.674032,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":307.425932,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.6935},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":163.266432,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":267.70553199999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":192.751532,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":285.508232,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":177.50393199999996,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":93.4696,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":273.4696,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1981,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2444969.770833,"kali_year":5083,"ahargana":1856504.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.4745,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":310.2649,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":54.7904,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.7904},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":310.2649,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.5983},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":205.7394},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.694,"elongation":54.79},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.694,"opposition_distance":125.21}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:44","sunsetLocal":"17:19","solarNoonLocal":"12:01","dayLengthHours":10.583061425941356,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 34 Mins 59 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 25 Mins 01 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:47","moonsetLocal":"21:10","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:21","end":"14:40","startHours":13.345559926972758,"endHours":14.668442605215427,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:44","end":"08:03","startHours":6.73114653575941,"endHours":8.05402921400208,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:23","end":"10:42","startHours":9.376911892244749,"endHours":10.699794570487418,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:12","end":"09:33","startHours":9.200527535145726,"endHours":9.553296249343772,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:10","end":"07:27","startHours":7.172107428506966,"endHours":7.4543223998654025,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:40","end":"12:23","startHours":11.669908534532043,"endHours":12.375445962928135,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:19","end":"06:02","startHours":5.3200716789672295,"endHours":6.025609107363319,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:51","end":"06:44","startHours":5.849224750264297,"endHours":6.73114653575941,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:47","end":"14:30","startHours":13.786520819720312,"endHours":14.492058248116402,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:07","end":"17:31","startHours":17.114207961700767,"endHours":17.514207961700766,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:19","end":"17:45","startHours":17.314207961700767,"endHours":17.755168854448325,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:04","end":"18:49","startHours":17.064207961700767,"endHours":18.814207961700767,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:40","end":"00:23","startHours":23.669908534532045,"endHours":24.375445962928136,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:44","end":"08:03","startHours":6.73114653575941,"endHours":8.05402921400208,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:03","end":"09:23","startHours":8.05402921400208,"endHours":9.376911892244749,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:23","end":"10:42","startHours":9.376911892244749,"endHours":10.699794570487418,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:42","end":"12:01","startHours":10.699794570487418,"endHours":12.022677248730087,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:01","end":"13:21","startHours":12.022677248730087,"endHours":13.345559926972758,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:21","end":"14:40","startHours":13.345559926972758,"endHours":14.668442605215427,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:40","end":"15:59","startHours":14.668442605215427,"endHours":15.991325283458096,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:59","end":"17:19","startHours":15.991325283458096,"endHours":17.314207961700767,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:19","end":"18:59","startHours":17.314207961700767,"endHours":18.991325283458096,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:59","end":"20:40","startHours":18.991325283458096,"endHours":20.66844260521543,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:40","end":"22:21","startHours":20.66844260521543,"endHours":22.345559926972758,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:21","end":"00:01","startHours":22.345559926972758,"endHours":24.02267724873009,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:01","end":"01:42","startHours":24.02267724873009,"endHours":25.69979457048742,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:42","end":"03:23","startHours":25.69979457048742,"endHours":27.37691189224475,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:23","end":"05:03","startHours":27.37691189224475,"endHours":29.054029214002078,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:03","end":"06:44","startHours":29.054029214002078,"endHours":30.73114653575941,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:44","end":"07:44","startHours":6.73114653575941,"endHours":7.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:44","end":"08:44","startHours":7.73114653575941,"endHours":8.731146535759411,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:44","end":"09:44","startHours":8.731146535759411,"endHours":9.731146535759411,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:44","end":"10:44","startHours":9.731146535759411,"endHours":10.731146535759411,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:44","end":"11:44","startHours":10.731146535759411,"endHours":11.731146535759411,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:44","end":"12:44","startHours":11.731146535759411,"endHours":12.731146535759411,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:44","end":"13:44","startHours":12.731146535759411,"endHours":13.731146535759411,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:44","end":"14:44","startHours":13.731146535759411,"endHours":14.731146535759411,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:44","end":"15:44","startHours":14.731146535759411,"endHours":15.731146535759411,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:44","end":"16:44","startHours":15.731146535759411,"endHours":16.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:44","end":"17:44","startHours":16.73114653575941,"endHours":17.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:44","end":"18:44","startHours":17.73114653575941,"endHours":18.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:44","end":"19:44","startHours":18.73114653575941,"endHours":19.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:44","end":"20:44","startHours":19.73114653575941,"endHours":20.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:44","end":"21:44","startHours":20.73114653575941,"endHours":21.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:44","end":"22:44","startHours":21.73114653575941,"endHours":22.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:44","end":"23:44","startHours":22.73114653575941,"endHours":23.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:44","end":"00:44","startHours":23.73114653575941,"endHours":24.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:44","end":"01:44","startHours":24.73114653575941,"endHours":25.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:44","end":"02:44","startHours":25.73114653575941,"endHours":26.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:44","end":"03:44","startHours":26.73114653575941,"endHours":27.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:44","end":"04:44","startHours":27.73114653575941,"endHours":28.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:44","end":"05:44","startHours":28.73114653575941,"endHours":29.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:44","end":"06:44","startHours":29.73114653575941,"endHours":30.73114653575941,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.11213771358098,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":23.6015}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2038,"vikram_samvatsara":"Bhāva","saka_samvat":1903,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmati","bengali_samvat":1388,"malayalam_era":1157,"nanakshahi_year":512,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2038 Bhāva · Śaka 1903 Durmati"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 1981 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 1981 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:44, sūryāsta 17:19.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1981-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1981-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1981-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1981-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1981-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:41:58.680Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:41:58.680Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T16:41:58.680Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}