{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:1978-05-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-05-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-05-31","date_display":"May 31, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":5,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443659.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855194.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":45.6318,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":337.0654,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":291.4336,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.4336},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":337.0654,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.732},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":22.6971},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":48,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":5,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443659.770833,"ahargana":1855194.2708,"kali_year":5080,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5514,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":45.699584000000016,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":339.178184,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.4554},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":119.21898399999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":29.656784000000016,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":75.11318399999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":77.49688400000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":121.07428399999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":162.8797,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":342.8797,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":5,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443659.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855194.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":45.6318,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":337.0654,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":291.4336,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.4336},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":337.0654,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.732},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":22.6971},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":48,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.455,"elongation":68.566},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.455,"opposition_distance":111.434}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:08","sunsetLocal":"18:43","solarNoonLocal":"11:56","dayLengthHours":13.591925540201077,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 35 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 24 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:25","moonsetLocal":"13:34","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:56","end":"13:38","startHours":11.92674722069767,"endHours":13.625737913222805,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:50","end":"08:32","startHours":6.829775143122266,"endHours":8.5287658356474,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:14","end":"11:56","startHours":10.227756528172534,"endHours":11.92674722069767,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:18","end":"08:45","startHours":8.302233743310715,"endHours":8.755297927984085,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:42","end":"06:04","startHours":5.697114681438843,"endHours":6.059566029177539,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:23","startHours":11.473683036024301,"endHours":12.37981140537104,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:19","end":"04:13","startHours":3.3185277119036547,"endHours":4.224656081250393,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:00","end":"05:08","startHours":3.9981239889137083,"endHours":5.130784450597131,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:12","end":"15:06","startHours":14.192068144064516,"endHours":15.098196513411255,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:31","end":"18:55","startHours":18.52270999079821,"endHours":18.922709990798207,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:43","end":"19:17","startHours":18.722709990798208,"endHours":19.28904022163992,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:28","end":"20:13","startHours":18.472709990798208,"endHours":20.222709990798208,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:23","startHours":23.4736830360243,"endHours":24.37981140537104,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:08","end":"06:50","startHours":5.130784450597131,"endHours":6.829775143122266,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:50","end":"08:32","startHours":6.829775143122266,"endHours":8.5287658356474,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:32","end":"10:14","startHours":8.5287658356474,"endHours":10.227756528172534,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:14","end":"11:56","startHours":10.227756528172534,"endHours":11.92674722069767,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:56","end":"13:38","startHours":11.92674722069767,"endHours":13.625737913222805,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:38","end":"15:19","startHours":13.625737913222805,"endHours":15.32472860574794,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:19","end":"17:01","startHours":15.32472860574794,"endHours":17.023719298273072,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:01","end":"18:43","startHours":17.023719298273072,"endHours":18.722709990798208,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:43","end":"20:01","startHours":18.722709990798208,"endHours":20.023719298273072,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:01","end":"21:19","startHours":20.023719298273072,"endHours":21.32472860574794,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:19","end":"22:38","startHours":21.32472860574794,"endHours":22.625737913222803,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:38","end":"23:56","startHours":22.625737913222803,"endHours":23.92674722069767,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:56","end":"01:14","startHours":23.92674722069767,"endHours":25.227756528172534,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:14","end":"02:32","startHours":25.227756528172534,"endHours":26.5287658356474,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:32","end":"03:50","startHours":26.5287658356474,"endHours":27.829775143122266,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:50","end":"05:08","startHours":27.829775143122266,"endHours":29.130784450597133,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":5.130784450597131,"endHours":6.130784450597131,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.130784450597131,"endHours":7.130784450597131,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.130784450597131,"endHours":8.130784450597131,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.130784450597131,"endHours":9.130784450597131,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.130784450597131,"endHours":10.130784450597131,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.130784450597131,"endHours":11.130784450597131,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.130784450597131,"endHours":12.130784450597131,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.130784450597131,"endHours":13.130784450597131,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.130784450597131,"endHours":14.130784450597131,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.130784450597131,"endHours":15.130784450597131,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.130784450597131,"endHours":16.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.130784450597133,"endHours":17.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.130784450597133,"endHours":18.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.130784450597133,"endHours":19.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.130784450597133,"endHours":20.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.130784450597133,"endHours":21.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.130784450597133,"endHours":22.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.130784450597133,"endHours":23.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.130784450597133,"endHours":24.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.130784450597133,"endHours":25.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.130784450597133,"endHours":26.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.130784450597133,"endHours":27.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.130784450597133,"endHours":28.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.130784450597133,"endHours":29.130784450597133,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mudgara","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":21.835068051989847,"eotMinutes":2.4995667581397525,"ayanamsa":23.5514}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Daśamī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrishabha-sankranti","name":"Vṛṣabha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृषभ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Taurus.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛṣabha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 31, 1978 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 31, 1978 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Daśamī, sūryodaya 05:08, sūryāsta 18:43.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-05-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-05-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-05-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-05-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-05-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T14:50:58.488Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T14:50:58.488Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T14:50:58.488Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}