{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:1978-03-13:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-03-13","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-03-13","date_display":"March 13, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":3,"day":13,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443580.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1855115.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":328.7868,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":18.0192,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":49.2324,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.2324},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":18.0192,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.6859},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":346.806},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":3,"day":13,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443580.770833,"ahargana":1855115.2708,"kali_year":5079,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5484,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":328.560602,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":16.888102000000003,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.3128},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":89.72970199999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":341.482602,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":62.988901999999996,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":340.950402,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":121.631802,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":167.0655,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":347.0655,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":3,"day":13,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443580.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1855115.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":328.7868,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":18.0192,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":49.2324,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.2324},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":18.0192,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.6859},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":346.806},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.313,"elongation":49.232},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.313,"opposition_distance":130.768}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:11","sunsetLocal":"18:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:08","dayLengthHours":11.925410472489817,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 55 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 04 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:50","moonsetLocal":"21:53","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:40","end":"09:09","startHours":7.66667640496313,"endHours":9.157352714024357,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:39","end":"12:08","startHours":10.648029023085584,"endHours":12.138705332146813,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:38","end":"15:07","startHours":13.629381641208038,"endHours":15.120057950269267,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:58","end":"09:21","startHours":8.958595872816193,"endHours":9.356109555232521,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:40","end":"06:59","startHours":6.6728921989223124,"endHours":6.990903144855374,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:44","end":"12:32","startHours":11.741191649730485,"endHours":12.536219014563141,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:35","end":"05:23","startHours":4.5859453662365945,"endHours":5.3809727310692494,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:11","end":"06:11","startHours":5.1822158898610855,"endHours":6.1760000959019035,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"14:55","startHours":14.126273744228449,"endHours":14.921301109061103,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:54","end":"18:18","startHours":17.90141056839172,"endHours":18.30141056839172,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:06","end":"18:36","startHours":18.10141056839172,"endHours":18.59830267141213,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:51","end":"19:36","startHours":17.85141056839172,"endHours":19.60141056839172,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:44","end":"00:32","startHours":23.741191649730485,"endHours":24.53621901456314,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:11","end":"07:40","startHours":6.1760000959019035,"endHours":7.66667640496313,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:40","end":"09:09","startHours":7.66667640496313,"endHours":9.157352714024357,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:09","end":"10:39","startHours":9.157352714024357,"endHours":10.648029023085584,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:39","end":"12:08","startHours":10.648029023085584,"endHours":12.138705332146813,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:08","end":"13:38","startHours":12.138705332146813,"endHours":13.629381641208038,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:38","end":"15:07","startHours":13.629381641208038,"endHours":15.120057950269267,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:07","end":"16:37","startHours":15.120057950269267,"endHours":16.610734259330492,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:37","end":"18:06","startHours":16.610734259330492,"endHours":18.10141056839172,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:06","end":"19:37","startHours":18.10141056839172,"endHours":19.610734259330492,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:37","end":"21:07","startHours":19.610734259330492,"endHours":21.120057950269267,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:07","end":"22:38","startHours":21.120057950269267,"endHours":22.629381641208038,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:38","end":"00:08","startHours":22.629381641208038,"endHours":24.138705332146813,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:08","end":"01:39","startHours":24.138705332146813,"endHours":25.648029023085584,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:39","end":"03:09","startHours":25.648029023085584,"endHours":27.157352714024356,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:09","end":"04:40","startHours":27.157352714024356,"endHours":28.66667640496313,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:40","end":"06:11","startHours":28.66667640496313,"endHours":30.176000095901905,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:11","end":"07:11","startHours":6.1760000959019035,"endHours":7.1760000959019035,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:11","end":"08:11","startHours":7.1760000959019035,"endHours":8.176000095901903,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:11","end":"09:11","startHours":8.176000095901903,"endHours":9.176000095901903,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:11","end":"10:11","startHours":9.176000095901903,"endHours":10.176000095901903,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:11","end":"11:11","startHours":10.176000095901903,"endHours":11.176000095901903,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:11","end":"12:11","startHours":11.176000095901903,"endHours":12.176000095901903,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:11","end":"13:11","startHours":12.176000095901903,"endHours":13.176000095901903,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:11","end":"14:11","startHours":13.176000095901903,"endHours":14.176000095901903,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:11","end":"15:11","startHours":14.176000095901903,"endHours":15.176000095901903,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:11","end":"16:11","startHours":15.176000095901903,"endHours":16.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:11","end":"17:11","startHours":16.176000095901905,"endHours":17.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:11","end":"18:11","startHours":17.176000095901905,"endHours":18.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:11","end":"19:11","startHours":18.176000095901905,"endHours":19.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:11","end":"20:11","startHours":19.176000095901905,"endHours":20.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:11","end":"21:11","startHours":20.176000095901905,"endHours":21.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:11","end":"22:11","startHours":21.176000095901905,"endHours":22.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:11","end":"23:11","startHours":22.176000095901905,"endHours":23.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:11","end":"00:11","startHours":23.176000095901905,"endHours":24.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:11","end":"01:11","startHours":24.176000095901905,"endHours":25.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:11","end":"02:11","startHours":25.176000095901905,"endHours":26.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:11","end":"03:11","startHours":26.176000095901905,"endHours":27.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:11","end":"04:11","startHours":27.176000095901905,"endHours":28.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:11","end":"05:11","startHours":28.176000095901905,"endHours":29.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:11","end":"06:11","startHours":29.176000095901905,"endHours":30.176000095901905,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-3.130150469825003,"eotMinutes":-10.217919928808794,"ayanamsa":23.5484}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 13, 1978 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 13, 1978 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:11, sūryāsta 18:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-03-13","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-03-13","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-03-13","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-03-13","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-03-13"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T14:38:49.841Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T14:38:49.841Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T14:38:49.841Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}