{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:1978-02-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-02-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-02-28","date_display":"February 28, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443567.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1855102.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.7488,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":197.07,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":241.3213,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.3213},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":197.07,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.4034},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":152.8188},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443567.770833,"ahargana":1855102.2708,"kali_year":5079,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5479,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.547199,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":195.71579900000006,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.2016},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":89.10069899999996,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":316.600099,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":62.376799000000005,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":324.744999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":122.59139900000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":167.7543,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":347.7543,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443567.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1855102.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.7488,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":197.07,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":241.3213,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.3213},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":197.07,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.4034},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":152.8188},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.202,"elongation":118.679},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.202,"opposition_distance":61.321}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:23","sunsetLocal":"18:00","solarNoonLocal":"12:11","dayLengthHours":11.605806374421455,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 36 Mins 21 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 23 Mins 39 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:38","moonsetLocal":"09:46","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:05","end":"16:32","startHours":15.090242574039154,"endHours":16.540968370841835,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:17","end":"10:44","startHours":9.287339386828426,"endHours":10.738065183631107,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:11","end":"13:38","startHours":12.18879098043379,"endHours":13.639516777236473,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:06","end":"09:29","startHours":9.093909280588068,"endHours":9.480769493068784,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:52","end":"07:11","startHours":6.869463058823957,"endHours":7.178951228808529,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:48","end":"12:35","startHours":11.801930767953076,"endHours":12.575651192914505,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:50","end":"05:37","startHours":4.838446943300202,"endHours":5.612167368261632,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:25","end":"06:23","startHours":5.418737262021275,"endHours":6.385887793223063,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:07","end":"14:54","startHours":14.123092042837367,"endHours":14.896812467798798,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:48","end":"18:12","startHours":17.79169416764452,"endHours":18.191694167644517,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:00","end":"18:29","startHours":17.991694167644518,"endHours":18.475269433245412,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:45","end":"19:30","startHours":17.741694167644518,"endHours":19.491694167644518,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:48","end":"00:35","startHours":23.801930767953074,"endHours":24.575651192914506,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:23","end":"07:50","startHours":6.385887793223063,"endHours":7.8366135900257445,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:50","end":"09:17","startHours":7.8366135900257445,"endHours":9.287339386828426,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:17","end":"10:44","startHours":9.287339386828426,"endHours":10.738065183631107,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:44","end":"12:11","startHours":10.738065183631107,"endHours":12.18879098043379,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:11","end":"13:38","startHours":12.18879098043379,"endHours":13.639516777236473,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:38","end":"15:05","startHours":13.639516777236473,"endHours":15.090242574039154,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:05","end":"16:32","startHours":15.090242574039154,"endHours":16.540968370841835,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:32","end":"18:00","startHours":16.540968370841835,"endHours":17.991694167644518,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:00","end":"19:32","startHours":17.991694167644518,"endHours":19.540968370841835,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:32","end":"21:05","startHours":19.540968370841835,"endHours":21.090242574039152,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:05","end":"22:38","startHours":21.090242574039152,"endHours":22.639516777236473,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:38","end":"00:11","startHours":22.639516777236473,"endHours":24.18879098043379,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:11","end":"01:44","startHours":24.18879098043379,"endHours":25.738065183631107,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:44","end":"03:17","startHours":25.738065183631107,"endHours":27.287339386828428,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:17","end":"04:50","startHours":27.287339386828428,"endHours":28.836613590025745,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:50","end":"06:23","startHours":28.836613590025745,"endHours":30.385887793223063,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:23","end":"07:23","startHours":6.385887793223063,"endHours":7.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:23","end":"08:23","startHours":7.385887793223063,"endHours":8.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:23","end":"09:23","startHours":8.385887793223063,"endHours":9.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:23","end":"10:23","startHours":9.385887793223063,"endHours":10.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:23","end":"11:23","startHours":10.385887793223063,"endHours":11.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:23","end":"12:23","startHours":11.385887793223063,"endHours":12.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:23","end":"13:23","startHours":12.385887793223063,"endHours":13.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:23","end":"14:23","startHours":13.385887793223063,"endHours":14.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:23","end":"15:23","startHours":14.385887793223063,"endHours":15.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:23","end":"16:23","startHours":15.385887793223063,"endHours":16.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:23","end":"17:23","startHours":16.385887793223063,"endHours":17.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:23","end":"18:23","startHours":17.385887793223063,"endHours":18.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:23","end":"19:23","startHours":18.385887793223063,"endHours":19.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:23","end":"20:23","startHours":19.385887793223063,"endHours":20.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:23","end":"21:23","startHours":20.385887793223063,"endHours":21.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:23","end":"22:23","startHours":21.385887793223063,"endHours":22.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:23","end":"23:23","startHours":22.385887793223063,"endHours":23.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:23","end":"00:23","startHours":23.385887793223063,"endHours":24.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:23","end":"01:23","startHours":24.385887793223063,"endHours":25.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:23","end":"02:23","startHours":25.385887793223063,"endHours":26.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:23","end":"03:23","startHours":26.385887793223063,"endHours":27.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:23","end":"04:23","startHours":27.385887793223063,"endHours":28.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:23","end":"05:23","startHours":28.385887793223063,"endHours":29.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:23","end":"06:23","startHours":29.385887793223063,"endHours":30.385887793223063,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-8.158851633304943,"eotMinutes":-13.223058826027486,"ayanamsa":23.5479}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga February 28, 1978 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"February 28, 1978 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:23, sūryāsta 18:00.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-02-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-02-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-02-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-02-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1978-02-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:25:34.429Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:25:34.429Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:25:34.429Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}