{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:1940-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1940-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1940-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 1940 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1940,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429838.770833,"kali_year":5042,"ahargana":1841373.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.4046,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":19.8529,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":278.4483,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.4483},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":19.8529,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.5195},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":121.2575},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":46,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1940,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429838.770833,"ahargana":1841373.2708,"kali_year":5042,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.0228,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.777848,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":17.97854799999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.8767},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":113.45664800000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":93.42634800000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":20.979747999999972,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":66.07824800000003,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":21.372648000000027,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":175.1828,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":355.1828,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1940,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2429838.770833,"kali_year":5042,"ahargana":1841373.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.4046,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":19.8529,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":278.4483,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.4483},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":19.8529,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.5195},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":121.2575},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":46,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.877,"elongation":81.552},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.877,"opposition_distance":98.448}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:23","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:04","dayLengthHours":13.386388287963834,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 23 Mins 11 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 36 Mins 49 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:57","moonsetLocal":"13:01","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:05","end":"18:46","startHours":17.091141485926457,"endHours":18.764440021921935,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:04","end":"13:45","startHours":12.071245877940019,"endHours":13.744544413935497,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:25","end":"17:05","startHours":15.417842949930977,"endHours":17.091141485926457,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:30","end":"08:57","startHours":8.501542334482995,"endHours":8.947755277415123,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:56","end":"06:18","startHours":5.935817912623261,"endHours":6.292788266968963,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:38","end":"12:31","startHours":11.62503293500789,"endHours":12.517458820872147,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:36","end":"04:29","startHours":3.5931999622295896,"endHours":4.485625848093845,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:16","end":"05:23","startHours":4.262519376627781,"endHours":5.378051733958101,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:18","end":"15:12","startHours":14.302310592600657,"endHours":15.194736478464913,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.564440021921936,"endHours":18.964440021921934,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:19","startHours":18.764440021921935,"endHours":19.322206200587093,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.514440021921935,"endHours":20.264440021921935,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:38","end":"00:31","startHours":23.62503293500789,"endHours":24.517458820872147,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:23","end":"07:03","startHours":5.378051733958101,"endHours":7.05135026995358,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:03","end":"08:43","startHours":7.05135026995358,"endHours":8.724648805949059,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:43","end":"10:24","startHours":8.724648805949059,"endHours":10.397947341944539,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:24","end":"12:04","startHours":10.397947341944539,"endHours":12.071245877940019,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:04","end":"13:45","startHours":12.071245877940019,"endHours":13.744544413935497,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:45","end":"15:25","startHours":13.744544413935497,"endHours":15.417842949930977,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:25","end":"17:05","startHours":15.417842949930977,"endHours":17.091141485926457,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:05","end":"18:46","startHours":17.091141485926457,"endHours":18.764440021921935,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:46","end":"20:05","startHours":18.764440021921935,"endHours":20.091141485926457,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:05","end":"21:25","startHours":20.091141485926457,"endHours":21.417842949930975,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:25","end":"22:45","startHours":21.417842949930975,"endHours":22.744544413935497,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:45","end":"00:04","startHours":22.744544413935497,"endHours":24.07124587794002,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:04","end":"01:24","startHours":24.07124587794002,"endHours":25.397947341944537,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:24","end":"02:43","startHours":25.397947341944537,"endHours":26.72464880594906,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:43","end":"04:03","startHours":26.72464880594906,"endHours":28.05135026995358,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:03","end":"05:23","startHours":28.05135026995358,"endHours":29.378051733958102,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:23","end":"06:23","startHours":5.378051733958101,"endHours":6.378051733958101,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:23","end":"07:23","startHours":6.378051733958101,"endHours":7.378051733958101,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:23","end":"08:23","startHours":7.378051733958101,"endHours":8.3780517339581,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:23","end":"09:23","startHours":8.3780517339581,"endHours":9.3780517339581,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:23","end":"10:23","startHours":9.3780517339581,"endHours":10.3780517339581,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:23","end":"11:23","startHours":10.3780517339581,"endHours":11.3780517339581,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:23","end":"12:23","startHours":11.3780517339581,"endHours":12.3780517339581,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:23","end":"13:23","startHours":12.3780517339581,"endHours":13.3780517339581,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:23","end":"14:23","startHours":13.3780517339581,"endHours":14.3780517339581,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:23","end":"15:23","startHours":14.3780517339581,"endHours":15.3780517339581,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:23","end":"16:23","startHours":15.3780517339581,"endHours":16.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:23","end":"17:23","startHours":16.378051733958102,"endHours":17.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:23","end":"18:23","startHours":17.378051733958102,"endHours":18.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:23","end":"19:23","startHours":18.378051733958102,"endHours":19.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:23","end":"20:23","startHours":19.378051733958102,"endHours":20.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:23","end":"21:23","startHours":20.378051733958102,"endHours":21.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:23","end":"22:23","startHours":21.378051733958102,"endHours":22.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:23","end":"23:23","startHours":22.378051733958102,"endHours":23.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:23","end":"00:23","startHours":23.378051733958102,"endHours":24.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:23","end":"01:23","startHours":24.378051733958102,"endHours":25.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:23","end":"02:23","startHours":25.378051733958102,"endHours":26.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:23","end":"03:23","startHours":26.378051733958102,"endHours":27.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:23","end":"04:23","startHours":27.378051733958102,"endHours":28.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:23","end":"05:23","startHours":28.378051733958102,"endHours":29.378051733958102,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāladaṇḍa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.062243418745982,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":23.0228}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1997,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1862,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1347,"malayalam_era":1116,"nanakshahi_year":471,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram 1997 Vijaya · Śaka 1862 Vikrama"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 1940 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 1940 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 05:23, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1940-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1940-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1940-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1940-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1940-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T19:37:26.680Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T19:37:26.680Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T19:37:26.680Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}