{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:1909-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1909-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1909-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 1909 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1909,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418515.770833,"kali_year":5011,"ahargana":1830050.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.425,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":221.5773,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":120.1524,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.1524},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":221.5773,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.244},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":323.0023},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":20,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1909,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418515.770833,"ahargana":1830050.2708,"kali_year":5011,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.5898,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.72397000000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":220.58257000000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.0535},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":341.01237,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":94.56657000000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":142.74086999999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":127.18486999999999,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":1.7234700000000203,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":55.1298,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":235.1298,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1909,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418515.770833,"kali_year":5011,"ahargana":1830050.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.425,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":221.5773,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":120.1524,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.1524},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":221.5773,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.244},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":323.0023},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":20,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.053,"elongation":120.152},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.053,"opposition_distance":59.848}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:22","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:04","dayLengthHours":13.394833610812249,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 23 Mins 41 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 36 Mins 19 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:38","moonsetLocal":"01:21","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:04","end":"13:45","startHours":12.071245877940019,"endHours":13.745600079291549,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:03","end":"08:43","startHours":7.048183273885426,"endHours":8.722537475236958,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:24","end":"12:04","startHours":10.396891676588488,"endHours":12.071245877940019,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:30","end":"08:57","startHours":8.499290248390086,"endHours":8.945784702083827,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:56","end":"06:17","startHours":5.931947139651072,"endHours":6.289142702606066,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:37","end":"12:31","startHours":11.624751424246277,"endHours":12.51774033163376,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:35","end":"04:29","startHours":3.5878512577589285,"endHours":4.480840165146412,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:15","end":"05:22","startHours":4.257592938299541,"endHours":5.373829072533895,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:18","end":"15:12","startHours":14.303718146408727,"endHours":15.19670705379621,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.568662683346144,"endHours":18.968662683346142,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:20","startHours":18.768662683346143,"endHours":19.32678075046332,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.518662683346143,"endHours":20.268662683346143,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:37","end":"00:31","startHours":23.624751424246277,"endHours":24.51774033163376,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:22","end":"07:03","startHours":5.373829072533895,"endHours":7.048183273885426,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:03","end":"08:43","startHours":7.048183273885426,"endHours":8.722537475236958,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:43","end":"10:24","startHours":8.722537475236958,"endHours":10.396891676588488,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:24","end":"12:04","startHours":10.396891676588488,"endHours":12.071245877940019,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:04","end":"13:45","startHours":12.071245877940019,"endHours":13.745600079291549,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:45","end":"15:25","startHours":13.745600079291549,"endHours":15.419954280643083,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:25","end":"17:06","startHours":15.419954280643083,"endHours":17.094308481994613,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:06","end":"18:46","startHours":17.094308481994613,"endHours":18.768662683346143,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:46","end":"20:06","startHours":18.768662683346143,"endHours":20.094308481994613,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:06","end":"21:25","startHours":20.094308481994613,"endHours":21.419954280643083,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:25","end":"22:45","startHours":21.419954280643083,"endHours":22.74560007929155,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:45","end":"00:04","startHours":22.74560007929155,"endHours":24.07124587794002,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:04","end":"01:24","startHours":24.07124587794002,"endHours":25.39689167658849,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:24","end":"02:43","startHours":25.39689167658849,"endHours":26.722537475236955,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:43","end":"04:03","startHours":26.722537475236955,"endHours":28.048183273885424,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:03","end":"05:22","startHours":28.048183273885424,"endHours":29.373829072533894,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":5.373829072533895,"endHours":6.373829072533895,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":6.373829072533895,"endHours":7.373829072533895,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.373829072533895,"endHours":8.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.373829072533894,"endHours":9.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.373829072533894,"endHours":10.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.373829072533894,"endHours":11.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.373829072533894,"endHours":12.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.373829072533894,"endHours":13.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.373829072533894,"endHours":14.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.373829072533894,"endHours":15.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.373829072533894,"endHours":16.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.373829072533894,"endHours":17.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.373829072533894,"endHours":18.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.373829072533894,"endHours":19.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.373829072533894,"endHours":20.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.373829072533894,"endHours":21.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.373829072533894,"endHours":22.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.373829072533894,"endHours":23.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.373829072533894,"endHours":24.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.373829072533894,"endHours":25.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.373829072533894,"endHours":26.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.373829072533894,"endHours":27.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.373829072533894,"endHours":28.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.373829072533894,"endHours":29.373829072533894,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.178498896539647,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":22.5898}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1966,"vikram_samvatsara":"Dundubhi","saka_samvat":1831,"saka_samvatsara":"Saumya","bengali_samvat":1316,"malayalam_era":1085,"nanakshahi_year":440,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Ekādaśī · Vikram 1966 Dundubhi · Śaka 1831 Saumya"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pavitropana-ekadashi","name":"Pavitropanā Ekādaśī (Putradā)","name_sanskrit":"पवित्रोपना एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Confers son; pavitra (sacred thread) ceremony for Viṣṇu.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 1909 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 1909 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Śukla Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 05:22, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1909-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1909-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1909-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1909-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1909-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T20:41:29.716Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T20:41:29.716Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T20:41:29.716Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}