{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:1909-01-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1909-01-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1909-01-28","date_display":"January 28, 1909 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1909,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418334.770833,"kali_year":5010,"ahargana":1829869.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":285.1282,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":4.4527,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":79.3245,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.3245},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":4.4527,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.4527},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":289.581},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":13,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1909,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418334.770833,"ahargana":1829869.2708,"kali_year":5010,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.5828,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.921285,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.366685000000018,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.9066},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":230.60048499999994,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":304.617485,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":141.769185,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":263.7499849999999,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":344.281885,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":64.7201,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":244.7201,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1909,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418334.770833,"kali_year":5010,"ahargana":1829869.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":285.1282,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":4.4527,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":79.3245,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.3245},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":4.4527,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.4527},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":289.581},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":13,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.907,"elongation":79.325},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.907,"opposition_distance":100.675}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:43","sunsetLocal":"17:39","solarNoonLocal":"12:11","dayLengthHours":10.924226648420689,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 55 Mins 27 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 04 Mins 33 Secs","moonriseLocal":"11:16","moonsetLocal":"00:06","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:33","end":"14:55","startHours":13.550178864967016,"endHours":14.915707196019603,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:43","end":"08:05","startHours":6.722537209704086,"endHours":8.088065540756672,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:27","end":"10:49","startHours":9.453593871809257,"endHours":10.819122202861845,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:16","end":"09:38","startHours":9.271523427668914,"endHours":9.635664315949603,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:11","end":"07:28","startHours":7.1777133200549486,"endHours":7.4690260306795,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:49","end":"12:33","startHours":11.820509645633742,"endHours":12.54879142219512,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:16","end":"06:00","startHours":5.265973656581328,"endHours":5.9942554331427065,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:49","end":"06:43","startHours":5.812184989002362,"endHours":6.722537209704086,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:00","end":"14:44","startHours":14.005354975317879,"endHours":14.733636751879258,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:27","end":"17:51","startHours":17.446763858124775,"endHours":17.846763858124774,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:39","end":"18:06","startHours":17.646763858124775,"endHours":18.101939968475637,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:24","end":"19:09","startHours":17.396763858124775,"endHours":19.146763858124775,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:49","end":"00:33","startHours":23.820509645633738,"endHours":24.54879142219512,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:43","end":"08:05","startHours":6.722537209704086,"endHours":8.088065540756672,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:05","end":"09:27","startHours":8.088065540756672,"endHours":9.453593871809257,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:27","end":"10:49","startHours":9.453593871809257,"endHours":10.819122202861845,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:49","end":"12:11","startHours":10.819122202861845,"endHours":12.18465053391443,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:11","end":"13:33","startHours":12.18465053391443,"endHours":13.550178864967016,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:33","end":"14:55","startHours":13.550178864967016,"endHours":14.915707196019603,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:55","end":"16:17","startHours":14.915707196019603,"endHours":16.28123552707219,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:17","end":"17:39","startHours":16.28123552707219,"endHours":17.646763858124775,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:39","end":"19:17","startHours":17.646763858124775,"endHours":19.281235527072187,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:17","end":"20:55","startHours":19.281235527072187,"endHours":20.915707196019603,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:55","end":"22:33","startHours":20.915707196019603,"endHours":22.550178864967016,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:33","end":"00:11","startHours":22.550178864967016,"endHours":24.18465053391443,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:11","end":"01:49","startHours":24.18465053391443,"endHours":25.819122202861845,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:49","end":"03:27","startHours":25.819122202861845,"endHours":27.453593871809257,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:27","end":"05:05","startHours":27.453593871809257,"endHours":29.088065540756673,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:05","end":"06:43","startHours":29.088065540756673,"endHours":30.722537209704086,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:43","end":"07:43","startHours":6.722537209704086,"endHours":7.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:43","end":"08:43","startHours":7.722537209704086,"endHours":8.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:43","end":"09:43","startHours":8.722537209704086,"endHours":9.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:43","end":"10:43","startHours":9.722537209704086,"endHours":10.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:43","end":"11:43","startHours":10.722537209704086,"endHours":11.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:43","end":"12:43","startHours":11.722537209704086,"endHours":12.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:43","end":"13:43","startHours":12.722537209704086,"endHours":13.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:43","end":"14:43","startHours":13.722537209704086,"endHours":14.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:43","end":"15:43","startHours":14.722537209704086,"endHours":15.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:43","end":"16:43","startHours":15.722537209704086,"endHours":16.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:43","end":"17:43","startHours":16.722537209704086,"endHours":17.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:43","end":"18:43","startHours":17.722537209704086,"endHours":18.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:43","end":"19:43","startHours":18.722537209704086,"endHours":19.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:43","end":"20:43","startHours":19.722537209704086,"endHours":20.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:43","end":"21:43","startHours":20.722537209704086,"endHours":21.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:43","end":"22:43","startHours":21.722537209704086,"endHours":22.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:43","end":"23:43","startHours":22.722537209704086,"endHours":23.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:43","end":"00:43","startHours":23.722537209704086,"endHours":24.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:43","end":"01:43","startHours":24.722537209704086,"endHours":25.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:43","end":"02:43","startHours":25.722537209704086,"endHours":26.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:43","end":"03:43","startHours":26.722537209704086,"endHours":27.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:43","end":"04:43","startHours":27.722537209704086,"endHours":28.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:43","end":"05:43","startHours":28.722537209704086,"endHours":29.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:43","end":"06:43","startHours":29.722537209704086,"endHours":30.722537209704086,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-18.392517298191393,"eotMinutes":-12.974632034865841,"ayanamsa":22.5828}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1966,"vikram_samvatsara":"Dundubhi","saka_samvat":1831,"saka_samvatsara":"Saumya","bengali_samvat":1316,"malayalam_era":1085,"nanakshahi_year":440,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 1966 Dundubhi · Śaka 1831 Saumya"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 28, 1909 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 28, 1909 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:43, sūryāsta 17:39.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1909-01-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1909-01-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1909-01-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1909-01-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1909-01-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:43:09.274Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:43:09.274Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T13:43:09.274Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}