{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:-3170-01-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-3170-01-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-3170-01-28","date_display":"January 28, 3171 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-3170,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":563242.770833,"kali_year":-69,"ahargana":-25222.7292,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":342.7747,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":292.94,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":310.1652,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.1652},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4,"moon_longitude":292.94,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.94},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":275.7147},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-3170,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":563242.770833,"ahargana":-25222.7292,"kali_year":-69,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-48.3675,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":342.7747,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":292.94,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.6761},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":71.056,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":358.1063,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":58.3473,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":312.4578,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":242.7577,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":76.4216,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":256.4216,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-3170,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":563242.770833,"kali_year":-69,"ahargana":-25222.7292,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":342.7747,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":292.94,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":310.1652,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.1652},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4,"moon_longitude":292.94,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.94},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":275.7147},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.676,"elongation":49.835},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.676,"opposition_distance":130.165}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:49","sunsetLocal":"17:33","solarNoonLocal":"12:11","dayLengthHours":10.721556830288602,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 43 Mins 18 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 16 Mins 42 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:31","moonsetLocal":"14:13","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:11","end":"13:31","startHours":12.18465053391443,"endHours":13.524845137700506,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:10","end":"09:30","startHours":8.164066722556205,"endHours":9.50426132634228,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:51","end":"12:11","startHours":10.844455930128355,"endHours":12.18465053391443,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:20","end":"09:41","startHours":9.325568712504136,"endHours":9.682953940180424,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:16","end":"07:33","startHours":7.270603653365487,"endHours":7.556511835506517,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:50","end":"12:33","startHours":11.827265306238143,"endHours":12.542035761590718,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:24","end":"06:07","startHours":5.394331208064982,"endHours":6.109101663417556,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:56","end":"06:49","startHours":5.930409049579413,"endHours":6.8238721187701294,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:58","end":"14:41","startHours":13.971576672295864,"endHours":14.686347127648437,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:21","end":"17:45","startHours":17.345428949058732,"endHours":17.74542894905873,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:33","end":"18:00","startHours":17.54542894905873,"endHours":17.99216048365409,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:18","end":"19:03","startHours":17.29542894905873,"endHours":19.04542894905873,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:50","end":"00:33","startHours":23.827265306238143,"endHours":24.542035761590714,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:49","end":"08:10","startHours":6.8238721187701294,"endHours":8.164066722556205,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:10","end":"09:30","startHours":8.164066722556205,"endHours":9.50426132634228,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:30","end":"10:51","startHours":9.50426132634228,"endHours":10.844455930128355,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:51","end":"12:11","startHours":10.844455930128355,"endHours":12.18465053391443,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:11","end":"13:31","startHours":12.18465053391443,"endHours":13.524845137700506,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:31","end":"14:52","startHours":13.524845137700506,"endHours":14.86503974148658,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:52","end":"16:12","startHours":14.86503974148658,"endHours":16.205234345272657,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:12","end":"17:33","startHours":16.205234345272657,"endHours":17.54542894905873,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:33","end":"19:12","startHours":17.54542894905873,"endHours":19.205234345272657,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:12","end":"20:52","startHours":19.205234345272657,"endHours":20.86503974148658,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:52","end":"22:31","startHours":20.86503974148658,"endHours":22.524845137700506,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:31","end":"00:11","startHours":22.524845137700506,"endHours":24.18465053391443,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:11","end":"01:51","startHours":24.18465053391443,"endHours":25.844455930128355,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:51","end":"03:30","startHours":25.844455930128355,"endHours":27.50426132634228,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:30","end":"05:10","startHours":27.50426132634228,"endHours":29.164066722556207,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:10","end":"06:49","startHours":29.164066722556207,"endHours":30.82387211877013,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:49","end":"07:49","startHours":6.8238721187701294,"endHours":7.8238721187701294,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:49","end":"08:49","startHours":7.8238721187701294,"endHours":8.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:49","end":"09:49","startHours":8.82387211877013,"endHours":9.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:49","end":"10:49","startHours":9.82387211877013,"endHours":10.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:49","end":"11:49","startHours":10.82387211877013,"endHours":11.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:49","end":"12:49","startHours":11.82387211877013,"endHours":12.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:49","end":"13:49","startHours":12.82387211877013,"endHours":13.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:49","end":"14:49","startHours":13.82387211877013,"endHours":14.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:49","end":"15:49","startHours":14.82387211877013,"endHours":15.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:49","end":"16:49","startHours":15.82387211877013,"endHours":16.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:49","end":"17:49","startHours":16.82387211877013,"endHours":17.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:49","end":"18:49","startHours":17.82387211877013,"endHours":18.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:49","end":"19:49","startHours":18.82387211877013,"endHours":19.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:49","end":"20:49","startHours":19.82387211877013,"endHours":20.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:49","end":"21:49","startHours":20.82387211877013,"endHours":21.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:49","end":"22:49","startHours":21.82387211877013,"endHours":22.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:49","end":"23:49","startHours":22.82387211877013,"endHours":23.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:49","end":"00:49","startHours":23.82387211877013,"endHours":24.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:49","end":"01:49","startHours":24.82387211877013,"endHours":25.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:49","end":"02:49","startHours":25.82387211877013,"endHours":26.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:49","end":"03:49","startHours":26.82387211877013,"endHours":27.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:49","end":"04:49","startHours":27.82387211877013,"endHours":28.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:49","end":"05:49","startHours":28.82387211877013,"endHours":29.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:49","end":"06:49","startHours":29.82387211877013,"endHours":30.82387211877013,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-21.234617472837723,"eotMinutes":-12.974632034865841,"ayanamsa":-48.3675}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-3113,"saka_samvat":-3248,"bengali_samvat":-3763,"malayalam_era":-3994,"nanakshahi_year":-4639,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī · Vikram -3113 undefined · Śaka -3248 undefined"},"festivals":[{"id":"papamochani-ekadashi","name":"Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"पापमोचनी एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Removes mahā-pātakas (great sins).","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":26,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Caitra"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī · Ekādaśī is not live yet; Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 28, 3171 BCE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 28, 3171 BCE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 06:49, sūryāsta 17:33.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-3170-01-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-3170-01-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-3170-01-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-3170-01-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-3170-01-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T05:24:32.912Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T05:24:32.912Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-11T05:24:32.912Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}