{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:-3130-10-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-3130-10-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-3130-10-28","date_display":"October 28, 3131 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-3130,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":578125.770833,"kali_year":-28,"ahargana":-10339.7292,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":248.7973,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":200.8429,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":312.0455,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.0455},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":200.8429,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8429},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":89.6402},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-3130,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":578125.770833,"ahargana":-10339.7292,"kali_year":-28,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-47.7983,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":248.7973,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":200.8429,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.0109},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":310.3847,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":228.5084,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":221.3172,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":290.2908,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":1.4923,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":7.8486,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":187.8486,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-3130,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":578125.770833,"kali_year":-28,"ahargana":-10339.7292,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":248.7973,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":200.8429,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":312.0455,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.0455},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":200.8429,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8429},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":89.6402},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.011,"elongation":47.954},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.011,"opposition_distance":132.046}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:54","sunsetLocal":"17:30","solarNoonLocal":"11:42","dayLengthHours":11.603541084394237,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 36 Mins 13 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 23 Mins 47 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:07","moonsetLocal":"14:52","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:09","end":"14:36","startHours":13.14545603989109,"endHours":14.59589867544037,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:54","end":"07:21","startHours":5.8932428621446915,"endHours":7.343685497693971,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:48","end":"10:15","startHours":8.794128133243252,"endHours":10.244570768792531,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:36","end":"08:59","startHours":8.60073578183668,"endHours":8.98752048464982,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:23","end":"06:41","startHours":6.376723740661118,"endHours":6.686151502911631,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:18","end":"12:05","startHours":11.30822870152867,"endHours":12.081798107154953,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:21","end":"05:07","startHours":4.3461040508921265,"endHours":5.119673456518409,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:56","end":"05:54","startHours":4.926281105111839,"endHours":5.8932428621446915,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:38","end":"14:24","startHours":13.628936918407517,"endHours":14.4025063240338,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:18","end":"17:42","startHours":17.29678394653893,"endHours":17.69678394653893,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:30","end":"17:59","startHours":17.49678394653893,"endHours":17.980264825055357,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:15","end":"19:00","startHours":17.24678394653893,"endHours":18.99678394653893,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:18","end":"00:05","startHours":23.30822870152867,"endHours":24.081798107154953,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:54","end":"07:21","startHours":5.8932428621446915,"endHours":7.343685497693971,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:21","end":"08:48","startHours":7.343685497693971,"endHours":8.794128133243252,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:48","end":"10:15","startHours":8.794128133243252,"endHours":10.244570768792531,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:15","end":"11:42","startHours":10.244570768792531,"endHours":11.695013404341811,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:42","end":"13:09","startHours":11.695013404341811,"endHours":13.14545603989109,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:09","end":"14:36","startHours":13.14545603989109,"endHours":14.59589867544037,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:36","end":"16:03","startHours":14.59589867544037,"endHours":16.04634131098965,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:03","end":"17:30","startHours":16.04634131098965,"endHours":17.49678394653893,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:30","end":"19:03","startHours":17.49678394653893,"endHours":19.04634131098965,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:03","end":"20:36","startHours":19.04634131098965,"endHours":20.59589867544037,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:36","end":"22:09","startHours":20.59589867544037,"endHours":22.14545603989109,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:09","end":"23:42","startHours":22.14545603989109,"endHours":23.69501340434181,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:42","end":"01:15","startHours":23.69501340434181,"endHours":25.24457076879253,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:15","end":"02:48","startHours":25.24457076879253,"endHours":26.79412813324325,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:48","end":"04:21","startHours":26.79412813324325,"endHours":28.343685497693972,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:21","end":"05:54","startHours":28.343685497693972,"endHours":29.893242862144692,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:54","end":"06:54","startHours":5.8932428621446915,"endHours":6.8932428621446915,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:54","end":"07:54","startHours":6.8932428621446915,"endHours":7.8932428621446915,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:54","end":"08:54","startHours":7.8932428621446915,"endHours":8.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:54","end":"09:54","startHours":8.893242862144692,"endHours":9.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:54","end":"10:54","startHours":9.893242862144692,"endHours":10.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:54","end":"11:54","startHours":10.893242862144692,"endHours":11.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:54","end":"12:54","startHours":11.893242862144692,"endHours":12.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:54","end":"13:54","startHours":12.893242862144692,"endHours":13.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:54","end":"14:54","startHours":13.893242862144692,"endHours":14.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:54","end":"15:54","startHours":14.893242862144692,"endHours":15.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:54","end":"16:54","startHours":15.893242862144692,"endHours":16.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:54","end":"17:54","startHours":16.893242862144692,"endHours":17.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:54","end":"18:54","startHours":17.893242862144692,"endHours":18.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:54","end":"19:54","startHours":18.893242862144692,"endHours":19.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:54","end":"20:54","startHours":19.893242862144692,"endHours":20.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:54","end":"21:54","startHours":20.893242862144692,"endHours":21.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:54","end":"22:54","startHours":21.893242862144692,"endHours":22.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:54","end":"23:54","startHours":22.893242862144692,"endHours":23.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:54","end":"00:54","startHours":23.893242862144692,"endHours":24.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:54","end":"01:54","startHours":24.893242862144692,"endHours":25.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:54","end":"02:54","startHours":25.893242862144692,"endHours":26.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:54","end":"03:54","startHours":26.893242862144692,"endHours":27.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:54","end":"04:54","startHours":27.893242862144692,"endHours":28.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:54","end":"05:54","startHours":28.893242862144692,"endHours":29.893242862144692,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-8.194162203386478,"eotMinutes":16.40359573949132,"ayanamsa":-47.7983}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-3073,"saka_samvat":-3208,"bengali_samvat":-3723,"malayalam_era":-3954,"nanakshahi_year":-4599,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram -3073 undefined · Śaka -3208 undefined"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 28, 3131 BCE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 28, 3131 BCE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 05:54, sūryāsta 17:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-3130-10-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-3130-10-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-3130-10-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-3130-10-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-3130-10-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T15:07:51.316Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T15:07:51.316Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T15:07:51.316Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}