{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:-0478-03-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0478-03-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-0478-03-28","date_display":"March 28, 479 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-478,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1546554.770833,"kali_year":2624,"ahargana":958089.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":17.3734,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":355.8686,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":338.4952,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.4952},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":355.8686,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.2019},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":13.242},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":56,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-478,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1546554.770833,"ahargana":958089.2708,"kali_year":2624,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-10.7595,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":17.3734,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":355.8686,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.0038},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":227.9184,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":19.9494,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":43.6442,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":351.8688,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":351.6647,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":175.8198,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":355.8198,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-478,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1546554.770833,"kali_year":2624,"ahargana":958089.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":17.3734,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":355.8686,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":338.4952,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.4952},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":355.8686,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.2019},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":13.242},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":56,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.004,"elongation":21.505},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.004,"opposition_distance":158.495}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-14,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.497,"opposition_distance":0.884}]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:55","sunsetLocal":"18:12","solarNoonLocal":"12:04","dayLengthHours":12.288793970779487,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 17 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 42 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:46","moonsetLocal":"16:29","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:36","end":"15:08","startHours":13.598174953120795,"endHours":15.13427419946823,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:55","end":"07:27","startHours":5.9176787213836155,"endHours":7.453777967731051,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:59","end":"10:32","startHours":8.989877214078486,"endHours":10.525976460425923,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:47","end":"09:12","startHours":8.785063981232163,"endHours":9.194690446924811,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:26","end":"06:45","startHours":6.429711803499427,"endHours":6.757412976053547,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:39","end":"12:28","startHours":11.65244924108071,"endHours":12.47170217246601,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:17","end":"05:06","startHours":4.279172858613017,"endHours":5.098425789998316,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:54","end":"05:55","startHours":4.893612557151991,"endHours":5.9176787213836155,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:07","end":"14:56","startHours":14.110208035236607,"endHours":14.929460966621905,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:00","end":"18:24","startHours":18.006472692163104,"endHours":18.406472692163103,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:12","end":"18:43","startHours":18.206472692163103,"endHours":18.718505774278917,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:57","end":"19:42","startHours":17.956472692163103,"endHours":19.706472692163103,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:39","end":"00:28","startHours":23.65244924108071,"endHours":24.47170217246601,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:55","end":"07:27","startHours":5.9176787213836155,"endHours":7.453777967731051,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:27","end":"08:59","startHours":7.453777967731051,"endHours":8.989877214078486,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:59","end":"10:32","startHours":8.989877214078486,"endHours":10.525976460425923,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:32","end":"12:04","startHours":10.525976460425923,"endHours":12.06207570677336,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:04","end":"13:36","startHours":12.06207570677336,"endHours":13.598174953120795,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:36","end":"15:08","startHours":13.598174953120795,"endHours":15.13427419946823,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:08","end":"16:40","startHours":15.13427419946823,"endHours":16.670373445815667,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:40","end":"18:12","startHours":16.670373445815667,"endHours":18.206472692163103,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:12","end":"19:40","startHours":18.206472692163103,"endHours":19.670373445815667,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:40","end":"21:08","startHours":19.670373445815667,"endHours":21.13427419946823,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:08","end":"22:36","startHours":21.13427419946823,"endHours":22.598174953120797,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:36","end":"00:04","startHours":22.598174953120797,"endHours":24.06207570677336,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:04","end":"01:32","startHours":24.06207570677336,"endHours":25.525976460425923,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:32","end":"02:59","startHours":25.525976460425923,"endHours":26.98987721407849,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:59","end":"04:27","startHours":26.98987721407849,"endHours":28.453777967731053,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:27","end":"05:55","startHours":28.453777967731053,"endHours":29.917678721383616,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:55","end":"06:55","startHours":5.9176787213836155,"endHours":6.9176787213836155,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:55","end":"07:55","startHours":6.9176787213836155,"endHours":7.9176787213836155,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:55","end":"08:55","startHours":7.9176787213836155,"endHours":8.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:55","end":"09:55","startHours":8.917678721383616,"endHours":9.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:55","end":"10:55","startHours":9.917678721383616,"endHours":10.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:55","end":"11:55","startHours":10.917678721383616,"endHours":11.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:55","end":"12:55","startHours":11.917678721383616,"endHours":12.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:55","end":"13:55","startHours":12.917678721383616,"endHours":13.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:55","end":"14:55","startHours":13.917678721383616,"endHours":14.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:55","end":"15:55","startHours":14.917678721383616,"endHours":15.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:55","end":"16:55","startHours":15.917678721383616,"endHours":16.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:55","end":"17:55","startHours":16.917678721383616,"endHours":17.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:55","end":"18:55","startHours":17.917678721383616,"endHours":18.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:55","end":"19:55","startHours":18.917678721383616,"endHours":19.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:55","end":"20:55","startHours":19.917678721383616,"endHours":20.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:55","end":"21:55","startHours":20.917678721383616,"endHours":21.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:55","end":"22:55","startHours":21.917678721383616,"endHours":22.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:55","end":"23:55","startHours":22.917678721383616,"endHours":23.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:55","end":"00:55","startHours":23.917678721383616,"endHours":24.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:55","end":"01:55","startHours":24.917678721383616,"endHours":25.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:55","end":"02:55","startHours":25.917678721383616,"endHours":26.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:55","end":"03:55","startHours":26.917678721383616,"endHours":27.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:55","end":"04:55","startHours":27.917678721383616,"endHours":28.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:55","end":"05:55","startHours":28.917678721383616,"endHours":29.917678721383616,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":2.6256434307781418,"eotMinutes":-5.6201424064016345,"ayanamsa":-10.7595}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-421,"saka_samvat":-556,"bengali_samvat":-1071,"malayalam_era":-1302,"nanakshahi_year":-1947,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī · Vikram -421 undefined · Śaka -556 undefined"},"festivals":[{"id":"masika-shivaratri","name":"Māsika Śivarātri","name_sanskrit":"मासिक शिवरात्रि","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Monthly Śiva observance.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":29,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Māsika Śivarātri is not live yet; Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 28, 479 BCE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 28, 479 BCE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 05:55, sūryāsta 18:12.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0478-03-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0478-03-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0478-03-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0478-03-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0478-03-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T14:06:58.468Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T14:06:58.468Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T14:06:58.468Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}