{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:-0443-07-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-07-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-0443-07-20","date_display":"July 20, 444 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559452.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970987.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":125.8472,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":27.6483,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":261.8011,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.8011},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":27.6483,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.9816},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":153.4955},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-443,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559452.770833,"ahargana":970987.2708,"kali_year":2659,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-10.2662,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":125.8472,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":27.6483,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.3741},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":137.5401,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":147.1002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":51.7584,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":118.7065,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":74.6257,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":212.4217,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":32.4217,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559452.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970987.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":125.8472,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":27.6483,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":261.8011,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.8011},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":27.6483,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.9816},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":153.4955},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.374,"elongation":98.199},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.374,"opposition_distance":81.801}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:18","sunsetLocal":"18:50","solarNoonLocal":"12:04","dayLengthHours":13.530815615179193,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 31 Mins 51 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 28 Mins 09 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:16","moonsetLocal":"11:47","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:00","end":"08:41","startHours":6.994254497893761,"endHours":8.685606449791159,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:23","end":"12:04","startHours":10.376958401688558,"endHours":12.068310353585957,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:46","end":"15:27","startHours":13.759662305483356,"endHours":15.451014257380756,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:28","end":"08:55","startHours":8.46009285620484,"endHours":8.91112004337748,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:52","end":"06:14","startHours":5.866686529962161,"endHours":6.227508279700273,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:37","end":"12:31","startHours":11.617283166413317,"endHours":12.519337540758597,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:30","end":"04:24","startHours":3.4987937973058023,"endHours":4.400848171651082,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:11","end":"05:18","startHours":4.175334578064762,"endHours":5.3029025459963615,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:19","end":"15:14","startHours":14.323446289449159,"endHours":15.225500663794438,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:38","end":"19:02","startHours":18.633718161175555,"endHours":19.033718161175553,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:50","end":"19:24","startHours":18.833718161175554,"endHours":19.397502145141353,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:35","end":"20:20","startHours":18.583718161175554,"endHours":20.333718161175554,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:37","end":"00:31","startHours":23.61728316641332,"endHours":24.519337540758595,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:18","end":"07:00","startHours":5.3029025459963615,"endHours":6.994254497893761,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:00","end":"08:41","startHours":6.994254497893761,"endHours":8.685606449791159,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:41","end":"10:23","startHours":8.685606449791159,"endHours":10.376958401688558,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:23","end":"12:04","startHours":10.376958401688558,"endHours":12.068310353585957,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:04","end":"13:46","startHours":12.068310353585957,"endHours":13.759662305483356,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:46","end":"15:27","startHours":13.759662305483356,"endHours":15.451014257380756,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:27","end":"17:09","startHours":15.451014257380756,"endHours":17.142366209278155,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:09","end":"18:50","startHours":17.142366209278155,"endHours":18.833718161175554,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:50","end":"20:09","startHours":18.833718161175554,"endHours":20.142366209278155,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:09","end":"21:27","startHours":20.142366209278155,"endHours":21.451014257380756,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:27","end":"22:46","startHours":21.451014257380756,"endHours":22.759662305483356,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:46","end":"00:04","startHours":22.759662305483356,"endHours":24.068310353585957,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:04","end":"01:23","startHours":24.068310353585957,"endHours":25.376958401688558,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:23","end":"02:41","startHours":25.376958401688558,"endHours":26.68560644979116,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:41","end":"04:00","startHours":26.68560644979116,"endHours":27.99425449789376,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:00","end":"05:18","startHours":27.99425449789376,"endHours":29.30290254599636,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":5.3029025459963615,"endHours":6.3029025459963615,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.3029025459963615,"endHours":7.3029025459963615,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.3029025459963615,"endHours":8.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.30290254599636,"endHours":9.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.30290254599636,"endHours":10.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.30290254599636,"endHours":11.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.30290254599636,"endHours":12.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.30290254599636,"endHours":13.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.30290254599636,"endHours":14.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.30290254599636,"endHours":15.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.30290254599636,"endHours":16.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.30290254599636,"endHours":17.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.30290254599636,"endHours":18.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.30290254599636,"endHours":19.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.30290254599636,"endHours":20.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.30290254599636,"endHours":21.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.30290254599636,"endHours":22.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.30290254599636,"endHours":23.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.30290254599636,"endHours":24.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.30290254599636,"endHours":25.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.30290254599636,"endHours":26.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.30290254599636,"endHours":27.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.30290254599636,"endHours":28.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.30290254599636,"endHours":29.30290254599636,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":21.02314460399114,"eotMinutes":-5.99422121515736,"ayanamsa":-10.2662}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-386,"saka_samvat":-521,"bengali_samvat":-1036,"malayalam_era":-1267,"nanakshahi_year":-1912,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram -386 undefined · Śaka -521 undefined"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7, 6.34-35.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk","steps":[{"label":"BG 6.5","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/5","purpose":"Lift the self by the Self; begin the walk with inner responsibility."},{"label":"BG 6.6","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/6","purpose":"See the mind as friend when mastered and enemy when unmastered."},{"label":"BG 6.7","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/7","purpose":"Stabilize the conquered mind in heat/cold, honor/dishonor, pleasure/pain."},{"label":"BG 6.34","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/34","purpose":"Name the restless mind honestly before trying to discipline it."},{"label":"BG 6.35","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/35","purpose":"Complete with abhyāsa and vairāgya: practice and detachment."}]},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 20, 444 BCE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 20, 444 BCE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 05:18, sūryāsta 18:50.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-07-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-07-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-07-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-07-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-07-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-12T00:14:49.730Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-12T00:14:49.730Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-12T00:14:49.730Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}