{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:-0443-03-29:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-03-29","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-0443-03-29","date_display":"March 29, 444 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":3,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559339.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970874.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":18.284,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":335.873,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":317.5889,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5889},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":335.873,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.5396},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":354.157},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-443,"month":3,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559339.770833,"ahargana":970874.2708,"kali_year":2659,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-10.2705,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":18.284,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":335.873,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.992},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":61.0869,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":24.7553,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":29.748,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":338.5751,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":60.1237,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":218.409,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":38.409,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":3,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559339.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970874.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":18.284,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":335.873,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":317.5889,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5889},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":335.873,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.5396},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":354.157},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.992,"elongation":42.411},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.992,"opposition_distance":137.589}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:54","sunsetLocal":"18:13","solarNoonLocal":"12:03","dayLengthHours":12.323843112181265,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 19 Mins 26 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 40 Mins 34 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:36","moonsetLocal":"14:51","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:41","end":"18:13","startHours":16.678181329517592,"endHours":18.21866171854025,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:03","end":"13:36","startHours":12.056740162449618,"endHours":13.597220551472276,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:08","end":"16:41","startHours":15.137700940494934,"endHours":16.678181329517592,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:46","end":"09:11","startHours":8.77038199920128,"endHours":9.181176769607323,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:24","end":"06:44","startHours":6.408312069366537,"endHours":6.736947885691371,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:39","end":"12:28","startHours":11.645945392043576,"endHours":12.46753493285566,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:15","end":"05:04","startHours":4.2516395247348155,"endHours":5.0732290655469,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:52","end":"05:54","startHours":4.867831680343879,"endHours":5.894818606358984,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:07","end":"14:56","startHours":14.110714014479829,"endHours":14.932303555291913,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:01","end":"18:25","startHours":18.01866171854025,"endHours":18.41866171854025,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:13","end":"18:44","startHours":18.21866171854025,"endHours":18.732155181547803,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:58","end":"19:43","startHours":17.96866171854025,"endHours":19.71866171854025,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:39","end":"00:28","startHours":23.645945392043576,"endHours":24.46753493285566,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:54","end":"07:26","startHours":5.894818606358984,"endHours":7.435298995381642,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:26","end":"08:59","startHours":7.435298995381642,"endHours":8.975779384404301,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:59","end":"10:31","startHours":8.975779384404301,"endHours":10.51625977342696,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:31","end":"12:03","startHours":10.51625977342696,"endHours":12.056740162449618,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:03","end":"13:36","startHours":12.056740162449618,"endHours":13.597220551472276,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:36","end":"15:08","startHours":13.597220551472276,"endHours":15.137700940494934,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:08","end":"16:41","startHours":15.137700940494934,"endHours":16.678181329517592,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:41","end":"18:13","startHours":16.678181329517592,"endHours":18.21866171854025,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:13","end":"19:41","startHours":18.21866171854025,"endHours":19.678181329517592,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:41","end":"21:08","startHours":19.678181329517592,"endHours":21.137700940494934,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:08","end":"22:36","startHours":21.137700940494934,"endHours":22.597220551472276,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:36","end":"00:03","startHours":22.597220551472276,"endHours":24.056740162449618,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:03","end":"01:31","startHours":24.056740162449618,"endHours":25.51625977342696,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:31","end":"02:59","startHours":25.51625977342696,"endHours":26.9757793844043,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:59","end":"04:26","startHours":26.9757793844043,"endHours":28.435298995381643,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:26","end":"05:54","startHours":28.435298995381643,"endHours":29.894818606358985,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:54","end":"06:54","startHours":5.894818606358984,"endHours":6.894818606358984,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:54","end":"07:54","startHours":6.894818606358984,"endHours":7.894818606358984,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:54","end":"08:54","startHours":7.894818606358984,"endHours":8.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:54","end":"09:54","startHours":8.894818606358985,"endHours":9.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:54","end":"10:54","startHours":9.894818606358985,"endHours":10.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:54","end":"11:54","startHours":10.894818606358985,"endHours":11.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:54","end":"12:54","startHours":11.894818606358985,"endHours":12.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:54","end":"13:54","startHours":12.894818606358985,"endHours":13.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:54","end":"14:54","startHours":13.894818606358985,"endHours":14.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:54","end":"15:54","startHours":14.894818606358985,"endHours":15.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:54","end":"16:54","startHours":15.894818606358985,"endHours":16.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:54","end":"17:54","startHours":16.894818606358985,"endHours":17.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:54","end":"18:54","startHours":17.894818606358985,"endHours":18.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:54","end":"19:54","startHours":18.894818606358985,"endHours":19.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:54","end":"20:54","startHours":19.894818606358985,"endHours":20.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:54","end":"21:54","startHours":20.894818606358985,"endHours":21.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:54","end":"22:54","startHours":21.894818606358985,"endHours":22.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:54","end":"23:54","startHours":22.894818606358985,"endHours":23.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:54","end":"00:54","startHours":23.894818606358985,"endHours":24.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:54","end":"01:54","startHours":24.894818606358985,"endHours":25.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:54","end":"02:54","startHours":25.894818606358985,"endHours":26.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:54","end":"03:54","startHours":26.894818606358985,"endHours":27.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:54","end":"04:54","startHours":27.894818606358985,"endHours":28.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:54","end":"05:54","startHours":28.894818606358985,"endHours":29.894818606358985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Cara","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":3.1784781680224894,"eotMinutes":-5.300009746977087,"ayanamsa":-10.2705}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-386,"saka_samvat":-521,"bengali_samvat":-1036,"malayalam_era":-1267,"nanakshahi_year":-1912,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram -386 undefined · Śaka -521 undefined"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 29, 444 BCE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 29, 444 BCE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 05:54, sūryāsta 18:13.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-03-29","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-03-29","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-03-29","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-03-29","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-03-29"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T13:17:10.794Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T13:17:10.794Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T13:17:10.794Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}