{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:-0443-03-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-03-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-0443-03-21","date_display":"March 21, 444 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":3,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559331.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970866.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":10.5464,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":237.3061,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":226.7597,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7597},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":237.3061,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.6394},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":247.8526},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-443,"month":3,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559331.770833,"ahargana":970866.2708,"kali_year":2659,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-10.2708,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":10.5464,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":237.3061,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.4246},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":55.3812,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":24.0644,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":28.0076,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":328.8843,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":59.2604,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":218.8328,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":38.8328,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":3,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559331.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970866.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":10.5464,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":237.3061,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":226.7597,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7597},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":237.3061,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.6394},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":247.8526},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.425,"elongation":133.24},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.425,"opposition_distance":46.76}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:02","sunsetLocal":"18:10","solarNoonLocal":"12:06","dayLengthHours":12.129784244645355,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 07 Mins 47 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 52 Mins 13 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:43","moonsetLocal":"08:43","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:04","end":"10:35","startHours":9.06667403253412,"endHours":10.582897063114789,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:37","end":"15:08","startHours":13.615343124276128,"endHours":15.131566154856797,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:02","end":"07:33","startHours":6.034227971372781,"endHours":7.5504510019534505,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:52","end":"09:16","startHours":8.86451096179003,"endHours":9.268837103278209,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:32","end":"06:52","startHours":6.539635648233004,"endHours":6.863096561423546,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:42","end":"12:30","startHours":11.694793952207279,"endHours":12.503446235183636,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:25","end":"05:14","startHours":4.416923405420067,"endHours":5.2255756883964235,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:01","end":"06:02","startHours":5.023412617652335,"endHours":6.034227971372781,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:07","end":"14:56","startHours":14.120750801136351,"endHours":14.929403084112709,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:58","end":"18:22","startHours":17.964012216018137,"endHours":18.364012216018136,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:10","end":"18:40","startHours":18.164012216018136,"endHours":18.66941989287836,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:55","end":"19:40","startHours":17.914012216018136,"endHours":19.664012216018136,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:42","end":"00:30","startHours":23.69479395220728,"endHours":24.503446235183635,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:02","end":"07:33","startHours":6.034227971372781,"endHours":7.5504510019534505,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:33","end":"09:04","startHours":7.5504510019534505,"endHours":9.06667403253412,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:04","end":"10:35","startHours":9.06667403253412,"endHours":10.582897063114789,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:35","end":"12:06","startHours":10.582897063114789,"endHours":12.099120093695458,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:06","end":"13:37","startHours":12.099120093695458,"endHours":13.615343124276128,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:37","end":"15:08","startHours":13.615343124276128,"endHours":15.131566154856797,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:08","end":"16:39","startHours":15.131566154856797,"endHours":16.647789185437468,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:39","end":"18:10","startHours":16.647789185437468,"endHours":18.164012216018136,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:10","end":"19:39","startHours":18.164012216018136,"endHours":19.647789185437468,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:39","end":"21:08","startHours":19.647789185437468,"endHours":21.1315661548568,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:08","end":"22:37","startHours":21.1315661548568,"endHours":22.61534312427613,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:37","end":"00:06","startHours":22.61534312427613,"endHours":24.099120093695458,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:06","end":"01:35","startHours":24.099120093695458,"endHours":25.58289706311479,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:35","end":"03:04","startHours":25.58289706311479,"endHours":27.06667403253412,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:04","end":"04:33","startHours":27.06667403253412,"endHours":28.550451001953448,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:33","end":"06:02","startHours":28.550451001953448,"endHours":30.03422797137278,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:02","end":"07:02","startHours":6.034227971372781,"endHours":7.034227971372781,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:02","end":"08:02","startHours":7.034227971372781,"endHours":8.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:02","end":"09:02","startHours":8.03422797137278,"endHours":9.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:02","end":"10:02","startHours":9.03422797137278,"endHours":10.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:02","end":"11:02","startHours":10.03422797137278,"endHours":11.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:02","end":"12:02","startHours":11.03422797137278,"endHours":12.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:02","end":"13:02","startHours":12.03422797137278,"endHours":13.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:02","end":"14:02","startHours":13.03422797137278,"endHours":14.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:02","end":"15:02","startHours":14.03422797137278,"endHours":15.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:02","end":"16:02","startHours":15.03422797137278,"endHours":16.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:02","end":"17:02","startHours":16.03422797137278,"endHours":17.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:02","end":"18:02","startHours":17.03422797137278,"endHours":18.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:02","end":"19:02","startHours":18.03422797137278,"endHours":19.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:02","end":"20:02","startHours":19.03422797137278,"endHours":20.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:02","end":"21:02","startHours":20.03422797137278,"endHours":21.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:02","end":"22:02","startHours":21.03422797137278,"endHours":22.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:02","end":"23:02","startHours":22.03422797137278,"endHours":23.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:02","end":"00:02","startHours":23.03422797137278,"endHours":24.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:02","end":"01:02","startHours":24.03422797137278,"endHours":25.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:02","end":"02:02","startHours":25.03422797137278,"endHours":26.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:02","end":"03:02","startHours":26.03422797137278,"endHours":27.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:02","end":"04:02","startHours":27.03422797137278,"endHours":28.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:02","end":"05:02","startHours":28.03422797137278,"endHours":29.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:02","end":"06:02","startHours":29.03422797137278,"endHours":30.03422797137278,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":0.10961471046479335,"eotMinutes":-7.842805621727393,"ayanamsa":-10.2708}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-386,"saka_samvat":-521,"bengali_samvat":-1036,"malayalam_era":-1267,"nanakshahi_year":-1912,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram -386 undefined · Śaka -521 undefined"},"festivals":[{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī is not live yet; Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 21, 444 BCE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 21, 444 BCE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:02, sūryāsta 18:10.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-03-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-03-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-03-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-03-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/-0443-03-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T20:43:36.719Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T20:43:36.719Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T20:43:36.719Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}