{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:ujjain:-3171-09-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-3171-09-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-3171-09-21","date_display":"September 21, 3172 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-3171,"month":9,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":563113.770833,"kali_year":-69,"ahargana":-25351.7292,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":211.5804,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":42.8632,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":191.2828,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.2828},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":42.8632,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.8632},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":254.4435},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-3171,"month":9,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":563113.770833,"ahargana":-25351.7292,"kali_year":-69,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-48.3724,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":211.5804,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":42.8632,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.9144},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":70.2502,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":231.7318,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":64.4249,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":166.8271,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":231.6648,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":83.2566,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":263.2566,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-3171,"month":9,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":563113.770833,"kali_year":-69,"ahargana":-25351.7292,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":211.5804,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":42.8632,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":191.2828,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.2828},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":42.8632,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.8632},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":254.4435},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.914,"elongation":168.717},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.914,"opposition_distance":11.283}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"ujjain","name":"Ujjain","lat":23.1765,"lon":75.7885,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"ujjain","name":"Ujjain","lat":23.1765,"lon":75.7885,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:04","sunsetLocal":"18:34","solarNoonLocal":"12:19","dayLengthHours":12.500282248406213,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 30 Mins 01 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 29 Mins 59 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:05","moonsetLocal":"07:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:00","end":"18:34","startHours":17.00649705310672,"endHours":18.569032334157498,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:19","end":"13:53","startHours":12.31889120995439,"endHours":13.881426491005168,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:27","end":"17:00","startHours":15.443961772055944,"endHours":17.00649705310672,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:59","end":"09:24","startHours":8.985482610379401,"endHours":9.402158685326274,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:35","end":"06:55","startHours":6.589595179434877,"endHours":6.922936039392376,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:54","end":"12:44","startHours":11.902215135007516,"endHours":12.735567284901265,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:24","end":"05:14","startHours":4.402045785963789,"endHours":5.235397935857537,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:02","end":"06:04","startHours":5.027059898384101,"endHours":6.068750085751285,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:24","end":"15:14","startHours":14.40227158468876,"endHours":15.235623734582507,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:22","end":"18:46","startHours":18.3690323341575,"endHours":18.769032334157497,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:34","end":"19:05","startHours":18.569032334157498,"endHours":19.089877427841092,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:19","end":"20:04","startHours":18.319032334157498,"endHours":20.069032334157498,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:54","end":"00:44","startHours":23.902215135007516,"endHours":24.735567284901265,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:04","end":"07:38","startHours":6.068750085751285,"endHours":7.631285366802062,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:38","end":"09:12","startHours":7.631285366802062,"endHours":9.193820647852839,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:12","end":"10:45","startHours":9.193820647852839,"endHours":10.756355928903615,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:45","end":"12:19","startHours":10.756355928903615,"endHours":12.31889120995439,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:19","end":"13:53","startHours":12.31889120995439,"endHours":13.881426491005168,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:53","end":"15:27","startHours":13.881426491005168,"endHours":15.443961772055944,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:27","end":"17:00","startHours":15.443961772055944,"endHours":17.00649705310672,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:00","end":"18:34","startHours":17.00649705310672,"endHours":18.569032334157498,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:34","end":"20:00","startHours":18.569032334157498,"endHours":20.00649705310672,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:00","end":"21:27","startHours":20.00649705310672,"endHours":21.443961772055946,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:27","end":"22:53","startHours":21.443961772055946,"endHours":22.88142649100517,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:53","end":"00:19","startHours":22.88142649100517,"endHours":24.31889120995439,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:19","end":"01:45","startHours":24.31889120995439,"endHours":25.756355928903616,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:45","end":"03:12","startHours":25.756355928903616,"endHours":27.19382064785284,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:12","end":"04:38","startHours":27.19382064785284,"endHours":28.63128536680206,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:38","end":"06:04","startHours":28.63128536680206,"endHours":30.068750085751283,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:04","end":"07:04","startHours":6.068750085751285,"endHours":7.068750085751285,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:04","end":"08:04","startHours":7.068750085751285,"endHours":8.068750085751285,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:04","end":"09:04","startHours":8.068750085751285,"endHours":9.068750085751285,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:04","end":"10:04","startHours":9.068750085751285,"endHours":10.068750085751285,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:04","end":"11:04","startHours":10.068750085751285,"endHours":11.068750085751285,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:04","end":"12:04","startHours":11.068750085751285,"endHours":12.068750085751285,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:04","end":"13:04","startHours":12.068750085751285,"endHours":13.068750085751285,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:04","end":"14:04","startHours":13.068750085751285,"endHours":14.068750085751285,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:04","end":"15:04","startHours":14.068750085751285,"endHours":15.068750085751285,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:04","end":"16:04","startHours":15.068750085751285,"endHours":16.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:04","end":"17:04","startHours":16.068750085751283,"endHours":17.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:04","end":"18:04","startHours":17.068750085751283,"endHours":18.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:04","end":"19:04","startHours":18.068750085751283,"endHours":19.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:04","end":"20:04","startHours":19.068750085751283,"endHours":20.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:04","end":"21:04","startHours":20.068750085751283,"endHours":21.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:04","end":"22:04","startHours":21.068750085751283,"endHours":22.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:04","end":"23:04","startHours":22.068750085751283,"endHours":23.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:04","end":"00:04","startHours":23.068750085751283,"endHours":24.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:04","end":"01:04","startHours":24.068750085751283,"endHours":25.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:04","end":"02:04","startHours":25.068750085751283,"endHours":26.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:04","end":"03:04","startHours":26.068750085751283,"endHours":27.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:04","end":"04:04","startHours":27.068750085751283,"endHours":28.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:04","end":"05:04","startHours":28.068750085751283,"endHours":29.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:04","end":"06:04","startHours":29.068750085751283,"endHours":30.068750085751283,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":6.598097357229254,"eotMinutes":7.712527402736593,"ayanamsa":-48.3724}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-3114,"saka_samvat":-3249,"bengali_samvat":-3764,"malayalam_era":-3995,"nanakshahi_year":-4640,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram -3114 undefined · Śaka -3249 undefined"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"ujjain"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 21, 3172 BCE · Ujjain · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 21, 3172 BCE for Ujjain: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:04, sūryāsta 18:34.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-3171-09-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-3171-09-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-3171-09-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-3171-09-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-3171-09-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-12T09:25:09.517Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-12T09:25:09.517Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-12T09:25:09.517Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}