{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:ujjain:-0478-04-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-0478-04-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-0478-04-30","date_display":"April 30, 479 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-478,"month":4,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1546587.770833,"kali_year":2624,"ahargana":958122.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":48.9674,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":76.9221,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":27.9547,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.9547},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":76.9221,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.2554},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":125.8895},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":4,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-478,"month":4,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1546587.770833,"ahargana":958122.2708,"kali_year":2624,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-10.7582,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":48.9674,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":76.9221,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4649},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":217.2226,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":62.5203,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":50.9394,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":33.3538,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":355.3306,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":174.0713,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":354.0713,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-478,"month":4,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1546587.770833,"kali_year":2624,"ahargana":958122.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":48.9674,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":76.9221,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":27.9547,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.9547},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":76.9221,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.2554},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":125.8895},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":4,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.465,"elongation":27.955},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.465,"opposition_distance":152.045}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"ujjain","name":"Ujjain","lat":23.1765,"lon":75.7885,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"ujjain","name":"Ujjain","lat":23.1765,"lon":75.7885,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:55","sunsetLocal":"18:53","solarNoonLocal":"12:24","dayLengthHours":12.957252421015667,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 57 Mins 26 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 02 Mins 34 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:35","moonsetLocal":"20:57","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:38","end":"17:16","startHours":15.64032208543388,"endHours":17.25997863806084,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:10","end":"10:47","startHours":9.161695874926046,"endHours":10.781352427553006,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:24","end":"14:01","startHours":12.401008980179963,"endHours":14.020665532806923,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:57","end":"09:23","startHours":8.945741667909118,"endHours":9.377650081942974,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:28","end":"06:48","startHours":6.4622682872144495,"endHours":6.807795018441534,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:58","end":"12:50","startHours":11.969100566146107,"endHours":12.832917394213819,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:12","end":"05:04","startHours":4.194749113536708,"endHours":5.058565941604419,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:51","end":"05:55","startHours":4.842611734587491,"endHours":5.92238276967213,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:34","end":"15:25","startHours":14.56055105034924,"endHours":15.42436787841695,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:41","end":"19:05","startHours":18.679635190687797,"endHours":19.079635190687796,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:53","end":"19:25","startHours":18.879635190687797,"endHours":19.419520708230117,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:38","end":"20:23","startHours":18.629635190687797,"endHours":20.379635190687797,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:58","end":"00:50","startHours":23.969100566146107,"endHours":24.83291739421382,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:55","end":"07:33","startHours":5.92238276967213,"endHours":7.542039322299089,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:33","end":"09:10","startHours":7.542039322299089,"endHours":9.161695874926046,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:10","end":"10:47","startHours":9.161695874926046,"endHours":10.781352427553006,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:47","end":"12:24","startHours":10.781352427553006,"endHours":12.401008980179963,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:24","end":"14:01","startHours":12.401008980179963,"endHours":14.020665532806923,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:01","end":"15:38","startHours":14.020665532806923,"endHours":15.64032208543388,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:38","end":"17:16","startHours":15.64032208543388,"endHours":17.25997863806084,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:16","end":"18:53","startHours":17.25997863806084,"endHours":18.879635190687797,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:53","end":"20:16","startHours":18.879635190687797,"endHours":20.259978638060836,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:16","end":"21:38","startHours":20.259978638060836,"endHours":21.64032208543388,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:38","end":"23:01","startHours":21.64032208543388,"endHours":23.020665532806923,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:01","end":"00:24","startHours":23.020665532806923,"endHours":24.401008980179963,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:24","end":"01:47","startHours":24.401008980179963,"endHours":25.781352427553003,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:47","end":"03:10","startHours":25.781352427553003,"endHours":27.161695874926046,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:10","end":"04:33","startHours":27.161695874926046,"endHours":28.54203932229909,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:33","end":"05:55","startHours":28.54203932229909,"endHours":29.92238276967213,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:55","end":"06:55","startHours":5.92238276967213,"endHours":6.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:55","end":"07:55","startHours":6.92238276967213,"endHours":7.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:55","end":"08:55","startHours":7.92238276967213,"endHours":8.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:55","end":"09:55","startHours":8.92238276967213,"endHours":9.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:55","end":"10:55","startHours":9.92238276967213,"endHours":10.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:55","end":"11:55","startHours":10.92238276967213,"endHours":11.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:55","end":"12:55","startHours":11.92238276967213,"endHours":12.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:55","end":"13:55","startHours":12.92238276967213,"endHours":13.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:55","end":"14:55","startHours":13.92238276967213,"endHours":14.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:55","end":"15:55","startHours":14.92238276967213,"endHours":15.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:55","end":"16:55","startHours":15.92238276967213,"endHours":16.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:55","end":"17:55","startHours":16.92238276967213,"endHours":17.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:55","end":"18:55","startHours":17.92238276967213,"endHours":18.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:55","end":"19:55","startHours":18.92238276967213,"endHours":19.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:55","end":"20:55","startHours":19.92238276967213,"endHours":20.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:55","end":"21:55","startHours":20.92238276967213,"endHours":21.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:55","end":"22:55","startHours":21.92238276967213,"endHours":22.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:55","end":"23:55","startHours":22.92238276967213,"endHours":23.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:55","end":"00:55","startHours":23.92238276967213,"endHours":24.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:55","end":"01:55","startHours":24.92238276967213,"endHours":25.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:55","end":"02:55","startHours":25.92238276967213,"endHours":26.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:55","end":"03:55","startHours":26.92238276967213,"endHours":27.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:55","end":"04:55","startHours":27.92238276967213,"endHours":28.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:55","end":"05:55","startHours":28.92238276967213,"endHours":29.92238276967213,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":14.24160497653365,"eotMinutes":2.785461189202204,"ayanamsa":-10.7582}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-421,"saka_samvat":-556,"bengali_samvat":-1071,"malayalam_era":-1302,"nanakshahi_year":-1947,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_amanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Śukla Tṛtīyā · Vikram -421 undefined · Śaka -556 undefined"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"ujjain"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 30, 479 BCE · Ujjain · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 30, 479 BCE for Ujjain: Śukla Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 05:55, sūryāsta 18:53.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-0478-04-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-0478-04-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-0478-04-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-0478-04-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-0478-04-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T12:52:58.500Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T12:52:58.500Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T12:52:58.500Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}