{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:ujjain:-0443-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-0443-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-0443-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 444 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559369.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970904.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":47.0113,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":13.3105,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":326.2992,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.2992},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":13.3105,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.3105},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":60.3218},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-443,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559369.770833,"ahargana":970904.2708,"kali_year":2659,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-10.2694,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":47.0113,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":13.3105,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.7935},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":82.1682,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":19.3874,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":36.4541,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":15.4368,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":63.8685,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":216.8194,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":36.8194,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559369.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970904.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":47.0113,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":13.3105,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":326.2992,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.2992},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":13.3105,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.3105},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":60.3218},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.793,"elongation":33.701},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.793,"opposition_distance":146.299}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"ujjain","name":"Ujjain","lat":23.1765,"lon":75.7885,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"ujjain","name":"Ujjain","lat":23.1765,"lon":75.7885,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Madhya Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:57","sunsetLocal":"18:52","solarNoonLocal":"12:24","dayLengthHours":12.927828972013515,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 55 Mins 40 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 04 Mins 20 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:05","moonsetLocal":"16:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:38","end":"17:15","startHours":15.637851073746383,"endHours":17.253829695248072,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:10","end":"10:47","startHours":9.173936587739625,"endHours":10.789915209241315,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:24","end":"14:01","startHours":12.405893830743004,"endHours":14.021872452244693,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:58","end":"09:23","startHours":8.9584727715394,"endHours":9.38940040393985,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:29","end":"06:50","startHours":6.48063888523681,"endHours":6.825380991157171,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:58","end":"12:50","startHours":11.974966198342553,"endHours":12.836821463143455,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:13","end":"05:05","startHours":4.2182688151344445,"endHours":5.080124079935345,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:52","end":"05:57","startHours":4.86466026373512,"endHours":5.941979344736247,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:34","end":"15:25","startHours":14.560531992745258,"endHours":15.42238725754616,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:40","end":"19:04","startHours":18.669808316749762,"endHours":19.06980831674976,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:52","end":"19:25","startHours":18.86980831674976,"endHours":19.408467857250326,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:37","end":"20:22","startHours":18.61980831674976,"endHours":20.36980831674976,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:58","end":"00:50","startHours":23.974966198342553,"endHours":24.836821463143455,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:57","end":"07:33","startHours":5.941979344736247,"endHours":7.557957966237936,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:33","end":"09:10","startHours":7.557957966237936,"endHours":9.173936587739625,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:10","end":"10:47","startHours":9.173936587739625,"endHours":10.789915209241315,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:47","end":"12:24","startHours":10.789915209241315,"endHours":12.405893830743004,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:24","end":"14:01","startHours":12.405893830743004,"endHours":14.021872452244693,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:01","end":"15:38","startHours":14.021872452244693,"endHours":15.637851073746383,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:38","end":"17:15","startHours":15.637851073746383,"endHours":17.253829695248072,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:15","end":"18:52","startHours":17.253829695248072,"endHours":18.86980831674976,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:52","end":"20:15","startHours":18.86980831674976,"endHours":20.253829695248072,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:15","end":"21:38","startHours":20.253829695248072,"endHours":21.637851073746383,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:38","end":"23:01","startHours":21.637851073746383,"endHours":23.021872452244693,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:01","end":"00:24","startHours":23.021872452244693,"endHours":24.405893830743004,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:24","end":"01:47","startHours":24.405893830743004,"endHours":25.789915209241315,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:47","end":"03:10","startHours":25.789915209241315,"endHours":27.173936587739625,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:10","end":"04:33","startHours":27.173936587739625,"endHours":28.557957966237936,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:33","end":"05:57","startHours":28.557957966237936,"endHours":29.941979344736247,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:57","end":"06:57","startHours":5.941979344736247,"endHours":6.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:57","end":"07:57","startHours":6.941979344736247,"endHours":7.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:57","end":"08:57","startHours":7.941979344736247,"endHours":8.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:57","end":"09:57","startHours":8.941979344736247,"endHours":9.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:57","end":"10:57","startHours":9.941979344736247,"endHours":10.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:57","end":"11:57","startHours":10.941979344736247,"endHours":11.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:57","end":"12:57","startHours":11.941979344736247,"endHours":12.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:57","end":"13:57","startHours":12.941979344736247,"endHours":13.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:57","end":"14:57","startHours":13.941979344736247,"endHours":14.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:57","end":"15:57","startHours":14.941979344736247,"endHours":15.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:57","end":"16:57","startHours":15.941979344736247,"endHours":16.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:57","end":"17:57","startHours":16.941979344736247,"endHours":17.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:57","end":"18:57","startHours":17.941979344736247,"endHours":18.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:57","end":"19:57","startHours":18.941979344736247,"endHours":19.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:57","end":"20:57","startHours":19.941979344736247,"endHours":20.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:57","end":"21:57","startHours":20.941979344736247,"endHours":21.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:57","end":"22:57","startHours":21.941979344736247,"endHours":22.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:57","end":"23:57","startHours":22.941979344736247,"endHours":23.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:57","end":"00:57","startHours":23.941979344736247,"endHours":24.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:57","end":"01:57","startHours":24.941979344736247,"endHours":25.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:57","end":"02:57","startHours":25.941979344736247,"endHours":26.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:57","end":"03:57","startHours":26.941979344736247,"endHours":27.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:57","end":"04:57","startHours":27.941979344736247,"endHours":28.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:57","end":"05:57","startHours":28.941979344736247,"endHours":29.941979344736247,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":13.764285022757253,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":-10.2694}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-386,"saka_samvat":-521,"bengali_samvat":-1036,"malayalam_era":-1267,"nanakshahi_year":-1912,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_amanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram -386 undefined · Śaka -521 undefined"},"festivals":[{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Pradoṣa Vrata is not live yet; Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"ujjain"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 444 BCE · Ujjain · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 444 BCE for Ujjain: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:57, sūryāsta 18:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-0443-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-0443-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-0443-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-0443-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ujjain/-0443-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T12:24:50.912Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T12:24:50.912Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T12:24:50.912Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}