{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:toronto:2017-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2017-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2017-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 2017 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457874.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869409.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.7965,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":76.7068,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":59.9103,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9103},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":76.7068,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.0402},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":93.5034},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2017,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457874.770833,"ahargana":1869409.2708,"kali_year":5119,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0951,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.776366999999993,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":79.969067,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.5922},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":42.28656699999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":0.2764670000000251,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":170.93306699999994,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":336.837967,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":243.03936699999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":129.7006,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":309.7006,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457874.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869409.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.7965,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":76.7068,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":59.9103,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9103},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":76.7068,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.0402},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":93.5034},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.592,"elongation":59.91},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.592,"opposition_distance":120.09}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"toronto","name":"Toronto, Canada","lat":43.6532,"lon":-79.3832,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"CA","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"toronto","name":"Toronto, Canada","lat":43.6532,"lon":-79.3832,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"CA","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:10","sunsetLocal":"19:19","solarNoonLocal":"12:15","dayLengthHours":14.151943270636593,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 09 Mins 07 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 50 Mins 53 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:50","moonsetLocal":"00:05","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"06:56","end":"08:42","startHours":6.936601151361832,"endHours":8.705594060191405,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:28","end":"12:15","startHours":10.47458696902098,"endHours":12.243579877850554,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:01","end":"15:47","startHours":14.012572786680128,"endHours":15.781565695509702,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:28","end":"08:56","startHours":8.469728339014129,"endHours":8.941459781368682,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:45","end":"06:08","startHours":5.757272545475449,"endHours":6.134657699359091,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:46","end":"12:43","startHours":11.771848435496,"endHours":12.715311320205107,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:17","end":"04:13","startHours":3.2806824731140454,"endHours":4.224145357823152,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:59","end":"05:10","startHours":3.988279636645875,"endHours":5.167608242532258,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:36","end":"15:33","startHours":14.60223708962332,"endHours":15.545699974332425,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:07","end":"19:31","startHours":19.11955151316885,"endHours":19.51955151316885,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:19","end":"19:55","startHours":19.31955151316885,"endHours":19.90921581611204,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:04","end":"20:49","startHours":19.06955151316885,"endHours":20.81955151316885,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:46","end":"00:43","startHours":23.771848435496,"endHours":24.715311320205107,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:10","end":"06:56","startHours":5.167608242532258,"endHours":6.936601151361832,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:56","end":"08:42","startHours":6.936601151361832,"endHours":8.705594060191405,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:42","end":"10:28","startHours":8.705594060191405,"endHours":10.47458696902098,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:28","end":"12:15","startHours":10.47458696902098,"endHours":12.243579877850554,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:15","end":"14:01","startHours":12.243579877850554,"endHours":14.012572786680128,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:01","end":"15:47","startHours":14.012572786680128,"endHours":15.781565695509702,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:47","end":"17:33","startHours":15.781565695509702,"endHours":17.550558604339276,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:33","end":"19:19","startHours":17.550558604339276,"endHours":19.31955151316885,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"19:19","end":"20:33","startHours":19.31955151316885,"endHours":20.550558604339276,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:33","end":"21:47","startHours":20.550558604339276,"endHours":21.781565695509702,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:47","end":"23:01","startHours":21.781565695509702,"endHours":23.012572786680128,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:01","end":"00:15","startHours":23.012572786680128,"endHours":24.243579877850554,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:15","end":"01:28","startHours":24.243579877850554,"endHours":25.47458696902098,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:28","end":"02:42","startHours":25.47458696902098,"endHours":26.705594060191405,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:42","end":"03:56","startHours":26.705594060191405,"endHours":27.93660115136183,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:56","end":"05:10","startHours":27.93660115136183,"endHours":29.167608242532257,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":5.167608242532258,"endHours":6.167608242532258,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":6.167608242532258,"endHours":7.167608242532258,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.167608242532258,"endHours":8.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.167608242532257,"endHours":9.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.167608242532257,"endHours":10.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.167608242532257,"endHours":11.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.167608242532257,"endHours":12.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.167608242532257,"endHours":13.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.167608242532257,"endHours":14.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.167608242532257,"endHours":15.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.167608242532257,"endHours":16.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.167608242532257,"endHours":17.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.167608242532257,"endHours":18.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.167608242532257,"endHours":19.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.167608242532257,"endHours":20.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.167608242532257,"endHours":21.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.167608242532257,"endHours":22.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.167608242532257,"endHours":23.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.167608242532257,"endHours":24.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.167608242532257,"endHours":25.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.167608242532257,"endHours":26.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.167608242532257,"endHours":27.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.167608242532257,"endHours":28.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.167608242532257,"endHours":29.167608242532257,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mudgara","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":15.085604829791466,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":24.0951}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2074,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1939,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1424,"malayalam_era":1193,"nanakshahi_year":548,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2074 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1939 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2},{"id":"shankara-jayanti","name":"Ādi Śaṅkarācārya Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"आदि शङ्कराचार्य जयन्ती","tradition":"Smarta","associated_deity":"Ādi Śaṅkarācārya","significance":"Birth of Ādi Śaṅkara at Kāladī, Kerala; Advaita-pratiṣṭhāpaka.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":5,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":3}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"toronto"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 2017 CE · Toronto, Canada · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 2017 CE for Toronto, Canada: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:10, sūryāsta 19:19.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2017-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2017-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2017-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2017-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2017-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T12:52:59.480Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T12:52:59.480Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T12:52:59.480Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}