{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:toronto:2002-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2002-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452395.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863930.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.6819,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":247.4159,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":230.7339,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.7339},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":247.4159,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.4159},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":264.0978},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452395.770833,"ahargana":1863930.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8855,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.625405,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":248.32890500000008,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.5799},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":47.85030499999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":37.134405000000015,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":76.95860500000003,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":42.55670500000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":49.55130500000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":60.0044,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":240.0044,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452395.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863930.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.6819,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":247.4159,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":230.7339,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.7339},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":247.4159,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.4159},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":264.0978},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.58,"elongation":129.266},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.58,"opposition_distance":50.734}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"toronto","name":"Toronto, Canada","lat":43.6532,"lon":-79.3832,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"CA","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"toronto","name":"Toronto, Canada","lat":43.6532,"lon":-79.3832,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"CA","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:11","sunsetLocal":"19:19","solarNoonLocal":"12:15","dayLengthHours":14.135876361522193,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 08 Mins 09 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 51 Mins 51 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:15","moonsetLocal":"08:08","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:15","end":"14:01","startHours":12.243579877850554,"endHours":14.010564423040826,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:57","end":"08:43","startHours":6.94262624227973,"endHours":8.709610787470005,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:29","end":"12:15","startHours":10.476595332660278,"endHours":12.243579877850554,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:28","end":"08:57","startHours":8.4740128481113,"endHours":8.945208726828707,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:46","end":"06:08","startHours":5.764636545486214,"endHours":6.141593248460139,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:46","end":"12:43","startHours":11.772383999133147,"endHours":12.71477575656796,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:17","end":"04:14","startHours":3.2908581822198304,"endHours":4.233249939654643,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:00","end":"05:11","startHours":3.99765200029594,"endHours":5.175641697089456,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:36","end":"15:33","startHours":14.599559271437585,"endHours":15.541951028872397,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:07","end":"19:31","startHours":19.11151805861165,"endHours":19.51151805861165,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:19","end":"19:54","startHours":19.31151805861165,"endHours":19.90051290700841,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:04","end":"20:49","startHours":19.06151805861165,"endHours":20.81151805861165,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:46","end":"00:43","startHours":23.772383999133147,"endHours":24.71477575656796,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:11","end":"06:57","startHours":5.175641697089456,"endHours":6.94262624227973,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:57","end":"08:43","startHours":6.94262624227973,"endHours":8.709610787470005,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:43","end":"10:29","startHours":8.709610787470005,"endHours":10.476595332660278,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:29","end":"12:15","startHours":10.476595332660278,"endHours":12.243579877850554,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:15","end":"14:01","startHours":12.243579877850554,"endHours":14.010564423040826,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:01","end":"15:47","startHours":14.010564423040826,"endHours":15.777548968231102,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:47","end":"17:33","startHours":15.777548968231102,"endHours":17.544533513421374,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:33","end":"19:19","startHours":17.544533513421374,"endHours":19.31151805861165,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:19","end":"20:33","startHours":19.31151805861165,"endHours":20.544533513421378,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:33","end":"21:47","startHours":20.544533513421378,"endHours":21.777548968231102,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:47","end":"23:01","startHours":21.777548968231102,"endHours":23.010564423040826,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:01","end":"00:15","startHours":23.010564423040826,"endHours":24.243579877850554,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:15","end":"01:29","startHours":24.243579877850554,"endHours":25.47659533266028,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:29","end":"02:43","startHours":25.47659533266028,"endHours":26.709610787470005,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:43","end":"03:57","startHours":26.709610787470005,"endHours":27.94262624227973,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:57","end":"05:11","startHours":27.94262624227973,"endHours":29.175641697089457,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:11","end":"06:11","startHours":5.175641697089456,"endHours":6.175641697089456,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:11","end":"07:11","startHours":6.175641697089456,"endHours":7.175641697089456,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:11","end":"08:11","startHours":7.175641697089456,"endHours":8.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:11","end":"09:11","startHours":8.175641697089457,"endHours":9.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:11","end":"10:11","startHours":9.175641697089457,"endHours":10.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:11","end":"11:11","startHours":10.175641697089457,"endHours":11.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:11","end":"12:11","startHours":11.175641697089457,"endHours":12.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:11","end":"13:11","startHours":12.175641697089457,"endHours":13.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:11","end":"14:11","startHours":13.175641697089457,"endHours":14.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:11","end":"15:11","startHours":14.175641697089457,"endHours":15.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:11","end":"16:11","startHours":15.175641697089457,"endHours":16.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:11","end":"17:11","startHours":16.175641697089457,"endHours":17.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:11","end":"18:11","startHours":17.175641697089457,"endHours":18.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:11","end":"19:11","startHours":18.175641697089457,"endHours":19.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:11","end":"20:11","startHours":19.175641697089457,"endHours":20.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:11","end":"21:11","startHours":20.175641697089457,"endHours":21.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:11","end":"22:11","startHours":21.175641697089457,"endHours":22.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:11","end":"23:11","startHours":22.175641697089457,"endHours":23.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:11","end":"00:11","startHours":23.175641697089457,"endHours":24.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:11","end":"01:11","startHours":24.175641697089457,"endHours":25.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:11","end":"02:11","startHours":25.175641697089457,"endHours":26.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:11","end":"03:11","startHours":26.175641697089457,"endHours":27.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:11","end":"04:11","startHours":27.175641697089457,"endHours":28.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:11","end":"05:11","startHours":28.175641697089457,"endHours":29.175641697089457,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.97301743199298,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":23.8855}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"toronto"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 2002 CE · Toronto, Canada · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 2002 CE for Toronto, Canada: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:11, sūryāsta 19:19.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2002-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2002-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2002-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2002-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2002-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-20T04:01:08.001Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-20T04:01:08.001Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-20T04:01:08.001Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}