{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:toronto:2001-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2001-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452118.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863653.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.6599,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":195.4165,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":94.7566,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7566},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":195.4165,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7498},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":296.0763},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":15,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452118.770833,"ahargana":1863653.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8749,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.17638799999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":198.80788800000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.8669},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":231.658588,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":91.20358800000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":69.31988799999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":60.971788000000004,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":47.92428799999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":74.6812,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":254.6812,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452118.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863653.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.6599,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":195.4165,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":94.7566,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7566},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":195.4165,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7498},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":296.0763},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":15,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.867,"elongation":94.757},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.867,"opposition_distance":85.243}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"toronto","name":"Toronto, Canada","lat":43.6532,"lon":-79.3832,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"CA","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"toronto","name":"Toronto, Canada","lat":43.6532,"lon":-79.3832,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"CA","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:02","sunsetLocal":"19:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:24","dayLengthHours":14.729970520465933,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 43 Mins 48 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 16 Mins 12 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:53","moonsetLocal":"23:56","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:43","end":"10:33","startHours":8.7125599144902,"endHours":10.553806229548442,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:14","end":"16:05","startHours":14.236298859664927,"endHours":16.077545174723166,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:02","end":"06:52","startHours":5.030067284373717,"endHours":6.871313599431959,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:28","end":"08:57","startHours":8.467060405815769,"endHours":8.958059423164633,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:39","end":"06:02","startHours":5.643816056059798,"endHours":6.036615269938889,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:54","end":"12:53","startHours":11.90405352725782,"endHours":12.886051561955549,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:04","end":"04:03","startHours":3.0660712149782596,"endHours":4.048069249675988,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:48","end":"05:02","startHours":3.802569741001556,"endHours":5.030067284373717,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:51","end":"15:50","startHours":14.850047631351007,"endHours":15.832045666048735,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:34","end":"19:58","startHours":19.560037804839652,"endHours":19.96003780483965,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:46","end":"20:22","startHours":19.76003780483965,"endHours":20.37378657652573,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:31","end":"21:16","startHours":19.51003780483965,"endHours":21.26003780483965,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:54","end":"00:53","startHours":23.90405352725782,"endHours":24.88605156195555,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:02","end":"06:52","startHours":5.030067284373717,"endHours":6.871313599431959,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:52","end":"08:43","startHours":6.871313599431959,"endHours":8.7125599144902,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:43","end":"10:33","startHours":8.7125599144902,"endHours":10.553806229548442,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:33","end":"12:24","startHours":10.553806229548442,"endHours":12.395052544606685,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:24","end":"14:14","startHours":12.395052544606685,"endHours":14.236298859664927,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:14","end":"16:05","startHours":14.236298859664927,"endHours":16.077545174723166,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:05","end":"17:55","startHours":16.077545174723166,"endHours":17.91879148978141,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:55","end":"19:46","startHours":17.91879148978141,"endHours":19.76003780483965,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:46","end":"20:55","startHours":19.76003780483965,"endHours":20.91879148978141,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:55","end":"22:05","startHours":20.91879148978141,"endHours":22.07754517472317,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:05","end":"23:14","startHours":22.07754517472317,"endHours":23.236298859664927,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:14","end":"00:24","startHours":23.236298859664927,"endHours":24.395052544606685,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:24","end":"01:33","startHours":24.395052544606685,"endHours":25.553806229548442,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:33","end":"02:43","startHours":25.553806229548442,"endHours":26.7125599144902,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:43","end":"03:52","startHours":26.7125599144902,"endHours":27.87131359943196,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:52","end":"05:02","startHours":27.87131359943196,"endHours":29.030067284373718,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:02","end":"06:02","startHours":5.030067284373717,"endHours":6.030067284373717,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:02","end":"07:02","startHours":6.030067284373717,"endHours":7.030067284373717,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:02","end":"08:02","startHours":7.030067284373717,"endHours":8.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:02","end":"09:02","startHours":8.030067284373718,"endHours":9.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:02","end":"10:02","startHours":9.030067284373718,"endHours":10.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:02","end":"11:02","startHours":10.030067284373718,"endHours":11.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:02","end":"12:02","startHours":11.030067284373718,"endHours":12.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:02","end":"13:02","startHours":12.030067284373718,"endHours":13.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:02","end":"14:02","startHours":13.030067284373718,"endHours":14.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:02","end":"15:02","startHours":14.030067284373718,"endHours":15.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:02","end":"16:02","startHours":15.030067284373718,"endHours":16.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:02","end":"17:02","startHours":16.030067284373718,"endHours":17.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:02","end":"18:02","startHours":17.030067284373718,"endHours":18.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:02","end":"19:02","startHours":18.030067284373718,"endHours":19.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:02","end":"20:02","startHours":19.030067284373718,"endHours":20.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:02","end":"21:02","startHours":20.030067284373718,"endHours":21.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:02","end":"22:02","startHours":21.030067284373718,"endHours":22.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:02","end":"23:02","startHours":22.030067284373718,"endHours":23.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:02","end":"00:02","startHours":23.030067284373718,"endHours":24.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:02","end":"01:02","startHours":24.030067284373718,"endHours":25.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:02","end":"02:02","startHours":25.030067284373718,"endHours":26.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:02","end":"03:02","startHours":26.030067284373718,"endHours":27.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:02","end":"04:02","startHours":27.030067284373718,"endHours":28.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:02","end":"05:02","startHours":28.030067284373718,"endHours":29.030067284373718,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":19.001870307142717,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":23.8749}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Śukla Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"toronto"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2001 CE · Toronto, Canada · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2001 CE for Toronto, Canada: Śukla Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 05:02, sūryāsta 19:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2001-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2001-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2001-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2001-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/toronto/2001-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T15:22:09.504Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T15:22:09.504Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T15:22:09.504Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}