{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:2028-12-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-12-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-12-01","date_display":"December 1, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462106.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873641.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":224.5382,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":31.5658,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":167.0276,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.0276},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":31.5658,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8991},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":256.104},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":27,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462106.770833,"ahargana":1873641.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2569,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":225.10787300000004,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":33.04517299999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.6348},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":145.79747299999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":230.789673,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":176.06397300000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":197.77137300000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":11.233373000000029,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":265.4689,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":85.4689,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462106.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873641.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":224.5382,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":31.5658,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":167.0276,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.0276},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":31.5658,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8991},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":256.104},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":27,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.635,"elongation":167.028},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.635,"opposition_distance":12.972}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:56","sunsetLocal":"18:00","solarNoonLocal":"12:28","dayLengthHours":11.056352551291251,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 03 Mins 23 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 56 Mins 37 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:09","moonsetLocal":"06:11","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:05","end":"12:28","startHours":11.08389842108192,"endHours":12.465942489993326,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:14","end":"16:37","startHours":15.230030627816138,"endHours":16.612074696727547,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:19","end":"09:42","startHours":8.319810283259107,"endHours":9.701854352170514,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:31","end":"09:53","startHours":9.517581809648993,"endHours":9.886126894692033,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:24","end":"07:42","startHours":7.398447570651502,"endHours":7.693283638685935,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"12:50","startHours":12.097397404950284,"endHours":12.834487575036368,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:28","end":"06:12","startHours":5.463585874175534,"endHours":6.200676044261617,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:01","end":"06:56","startHours":6.016403501740096,"endHours":6.9377662143477,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:19","end":"15:03","startHours":14.308667915208535,"endHours":15.045758085294619,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:48","end":"18:12","startHours":17.794118765638952,"endHours":18.19411876563895,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:00","end":"18:27","startHours":17.99411876563895,"endHours":18.454800121942753,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:45","end":"19:30","startHours":17.74411876563895,"endHours":19.49411876563895,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"00:50","startHours":24.097397404950282,"endHours":24.834487575036366,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:56","end":"08:19","startHours":6.9377662143477,"endHours":8.319810283259107,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:19","end":"09:42","startHours":8.319810283259107,"endHours":9.701854352170514,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:42","end":"11:05","startHours":9.701854352170514,"endHours":11.08389842108192,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:05","end":"12:28","startHours":11.08389842108192,"endHours":12.465942489993326,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:28","end":"13:51","startHours":12.465942489993326,"endHours":13.847986558904733,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:51","end":"15:14","startHours":13.847986558904733,"endHours":15.230030627816138,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:14","end":"16:37","startHours":15.230030627816138,"endHours":16.612074696727547,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:37","end":"18:00","startHours":16.612074696727547,"endHours":17.99411876563895,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:00","end":"19:37","startHours":17.99411876563895,"endHours":19.612074696727547,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:37","end":"21:14","startHours":19.612074696727547,"endHours":21.230030627816138,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:14","end":"22:51","startHours":21.230030627816138,"endHours":22.847986558904733,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:51","end":"00:28","startHours":22.847986558904733,"endHours":24.465942489993324,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:28","end":"02:05","startHours":24.465942489993324,"endHours":26.08389842108192,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:05","end":"03:42","startHours":26.08389842108192,"endHours":27.701854352170514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:42","end":"05:19","startHours":27.701854352170514,"endHours":29.31981028325911,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"05:19","end":"06:56","startHours":29.31981028325911,"endHours":30.9377662143477,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:56","end":"07:56","startHours":6.9377662143477,"endHours":7.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:56","end":"08:56","startHours":7.9377662143477,"endHours":8.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:56","end":"09:56","startHours":8.9377662143477,"endHours":9.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:56","end":"10:56","startHours":9.9377662143477,"endHours":10.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:56","end":"11:56","startHours":10.9377662143477,"endHours":11.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:56","end":"12:56","startHours":11.9377662143477,"endHours":12.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:56","end":"13:56","startHours":12.9377662143477,"endHours":13.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:56","end":"14:56","startHours":13.9377662143477,"endHours":14.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:56","end":"15:56","startHours":14.9377662143477,"endHours":15.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:56","end":"16:56","startHours":15.9377662143477,"endHours":16.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:56","end":"17:56","startHours":16.9377662143477,"endHours":17.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:56","end":"18:56","startHours":17.9377662143477,"endHours":18.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:56","end":"19:56","startHours":18.9377662143477,"endHours":19.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:56","end":"20:56","startHours":19.9377662143477,"endHours":20.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:56","end":"21:56","startHours":20.9377662143477,"endHours":21.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:56","end":"22:56","startHours":21.9377662143477,"endHours":22.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:56","end":"23:56","startHours":22.9377662143477,"endHours":23.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:56","end":"00:56","startHours":23.9377662143477,"endHours":24.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:56","end":"01:56","startHours":24.9377662143477,"endHours":25.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:56","end":"02:56","startHours":25.9377662143477,"endHours":26.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:56","end":"03:56","startHours":26.9377662143477,"endHours":27.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:56","end":"04:56","startHours":27.9377662143477,"endHours":28.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:56","end":"05:56","startHours":28.9377662143477,"endHours":29.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:56","end":"06:56","startHours":29.9377662143477,"endHours":30.9377662143477,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-21.852296612347942,"eotMinutes":10.131050600400467,"ayanamsa":24.2569}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Caturdaśī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrischika-sankranti","name":"Vṛścika Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृश्चिक सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Scorpio.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛścika"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 1, 2028 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 1, 2028 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Śukla Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 06:56, sūryāsta 18:00.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-12-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-12-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-12-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-12-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-12-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T04:38:47.415Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T04:38:47.415Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T04:38:47.415Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}