{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:2028-07-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-07-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-07-30","date_display":"July 30, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461982.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873517.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.5725,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.8099,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":104.2374,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.2374},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":206.8099,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.8099},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":309.3825},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461982.770833,"ahargana":1873517.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2522,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.16641099999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":209.64771100000007,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.0852},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":71.52221099999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":107.79641099999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":150.865111,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":57.58311100000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":16.546110999999996,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":272.039,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":92.039,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461982.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873517.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.5725,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.8099,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":104.2374,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.2374},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":206.8099,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.8099},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":309.3825},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.085,"elongation":104.237},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.085,"opposition_distance":75.763}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-8,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.016,"elongation":2.314},{"offset_days":6,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.134,"opposition_distance":1.947}]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:14","sunsetLocal":"19:15","solarNoonLocal":"12:44","dayLengthHours":13.013559812074355,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 00 Mins 49 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 59 Mins 11 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:15","moonsetLocal":"01:26","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:37","end":"19:15","startHours":17.61678969147422,"endHours":19.243484667983516,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:44","end":"14:22","startHours":12.736704761946338,"endHours":14.363399738455634,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:59","end":"17:37","startHours":15.990094714964927,"endHours":17.61678969147422,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:16","end":"09:42","startHours":9.266422145393177,"endHours":9.700207472462322,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:46","end":"07:07","startHours":6.772156514745593,"endHours":7.119184776400909,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:18","end":"13:10","startHours":12.302919434877193,"endHours":13.170490089015484,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:30","end":"05:22","startHours":4.49478354763258,"endHours":5.36235420177087,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:09","end":"06:14","startHours":5.145461538236297,"endHours":6.229924855909161,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:54","end":"15:46","startHours":14.905631397292066,"endHours":15.773202051430356,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:03","end":"19:27","startHours":19.043484667983517,"endHours":19.443484667983515,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:15","end":"19:47","startHours":19.243484667983516,"endHours":19.785716326819948,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:00","end":"20:45","startHours":18.993484667983516,"endHours":20.743484667983516,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:18","end":"01:10","startHours":24.302919434877193,"endHours":25.170490089015484,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:14","end":"07:51","startHours":6.229924855909161,"endHours":7.856619832418455,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:51","end":"09:29","startHours":7.856619832418455,"endHours":9.48331480892775,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:29","end":"11:07","startHours":9.48331480892775,"endHours":11.110009785437043,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:07","end":"12:44","startHours":11.110009785437043,"endHours":12.736704761946338,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:44","end":"14:22","startHours":12.736704761946338,"endHours":14.363399738455634,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:22","end":"15:59","startHours":14.363399738455634,"endHours":15.990094714964927,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:59","end":"17:37","startHours":15.990094714964927,"endHours":17.61678969147422,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:37","end":"19:15","startHours":17.61678969147422,"endHours":19.243484667983516,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:15","end":"20:37","startHours":19.243484667983516,"endHours":20.61678969147422,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:37","end":"21:59","startHours":20.61678969147422,"endHours":21.990094714964926,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:59","end":"23:22","startHours":21.990094714964926,"endHours":23.363399738455634,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:22","end":"00:44","startHours":23.363399738455634,"endHours":24.73670476194634,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:44","end":"02:07","startHours":24.73670476194634,"endHours":26.110009785437043,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:07","end":"03:29","startHours":26.110009785437043,"endHours":27.48331480892775,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:29","end":"04:51","startHours":27.48331480892775,"endHours":28.856619832418456,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:51","end":"06:14","startHours":28.856619832418456,"endHours":30.22992485590916,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:14","end":"07:14","startHours":6.229924855909161,"endHours":7.229924855909161,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:14","end":"08:14","startHours":7.229924855909161,"endHours":8.229924855909161,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:14","end":"09:14","startHours":8.229924855909161,"endHours":9.229924855909161,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:14","end":"10:14","startHours":9.229924855909161,"endHours":10.229924855909161,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:14","end":"11:14","startHours":10.229924855909161,"endHours":11.229924855909161,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:14","end":"12:14","startHours":11.229924855909161,"endHours":12.229924855909161,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:14","end":"13:14","startHours":12.229924855909161,"endHours":13.229924855909161,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:14","end":"14:14","startHours":13.229924855909161,"endHours":14.229924855909161,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:14","end":"15:14","startHours":14.229924855909161,"endHours":15.229924855909161,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:14","end":"16:14","startHours":15.229924855909161,"endHours":16.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:14","end":"17:14","startHours":16.22992485590916,"endHours":17.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:14","end":"18:14","startHours":17.22992485590916,"endHours":18.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:14","end":"19:14","startHours":18.22992485590916,"endHours":19.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:14","end":"20:14","startHours":19.22992485590916,"endHours":20.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:14","end":"21:14","startHours":20.22992485590916,"endHours":21.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:14","end":"22:14","startHours":21.22992485590916,"endHours":22.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:14","end":"23:14","startHours":22.22992485590916,"endHours":23.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:14","end":"00:14","startHours":23.22992485590916,"endHours":24.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:14","end":"01:14","startHours":24.22992485590916,"endHours":25.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:14","end":"02:14","startHours":25.22992485590916,"endHours":26.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:14","end":"03:14","startHours":26.22992485590916,"endHours":27.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:14","end":"04:14","startHours":27.22992485590916,"endHours":28.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:14","end":"05:14","startHours":28.22992485590916,"endHours":29.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:14","end":"06:14","startHours":29.22992485590916,"endHours":30.22992485590916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.414308902971573,"eotMinutes":-6.1146857167802535,"ayanamsa":24.2522}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 30, 2028 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 30, 2028 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 06:14, sūryāsta 19:15.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-07-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-07-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-07-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-07-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-07-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:20:55.277Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:20:55.277Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T15:20:55.277Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}