{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:2028-01-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-01-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-01-16","date_display":"January 16, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461786.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873321.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":270.9904,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.6355,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":230.6451,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.6451},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":141.6355,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.3021},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":52.6259},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461786.770833,"ahargana":1873321.2708,"kali_year":5129,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2447,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.166299,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":145.10409900000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.8431},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":285.076199,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":289.48349899999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":153.05809899999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":308.66059900000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":357.280499,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":282.424,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":102.424,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461786.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873321.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":270.9904,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.6355,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":230.6451,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.6451},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":141.6355,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.3021},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":52.6259},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.843,"elongation":129.355},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.843,"opposition_distance":50.645}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:15","sunsetLocal":"18:21","solarNoonLocal":"12:48","dayLengthHours":11.098787440464557,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 05 Mins 56 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 54 Mins 04 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:15","moonsetLocal":"10:32","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:58","end":"18:21","startHours":16.95838698253717,"endHours":18.34573541259524,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:48","end":"14:11","startHours":12.796341692362962,"endHours":14.18369012242103,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:34","end":"16:58","startHours":15.5710385524791,"endHours":16.95838698253717,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:50","end":"10:12","startHours":9.836665041572413,"endHours":10.20662462292123,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:43","end":"08:00","startHours":7.709397448816706,"endHours":8.00536511389576,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:26","end":"13:10","startHours":12.426382111014142,"endHours":13.166301273711781,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:46","end":"06:30","startHours":5.767109646735408,"endHours":6.507028809433045,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:19","end":"07:15","startHours":6.322049018758635,"endHours":7.246947972130682,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:39","end":"15:23","startHours":14.646139599107054,"endHours":15.38605876180469,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:09","end":"18:33","startHours":18.14573541259524,"endHours":18.54573541259524,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:21","end":"18:48","startHours":18.34573541259524,"endHours":18.80818488928126,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:06","end":"19:51","startHours":18.09573541259524,"endHours":19.84573541259524,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:26","end":"01:10","startHours":24.426382111014142,"endHours":25.16630127371178,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:15","end":"08:38","startHours":7.246947972130682,"endHours":8.634296402188752,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:38","end":"10:01","startHours":8.634296402188752,"endHours":10.021644832246821,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:01","end":"11:25","startHours":10.021644832246821,"endHours":11.408993262304891,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:25","end":"12:48","startHours":11.408993262304891,"endHours":12.796341692362962,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:48","end":"14:11","startHours":12.796341692362962,"endHours":14.18369012242103,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:11","end":"15:34","startHours":14.18369012242103,"endHours":15.5710385524791,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:34","end":"16:58","startHours":15.5710385524791,"endHours":16.95838698253717,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:58","end":"18:21","startHours":16.95838698253717,"endHours":18.34573541259524,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:21","end":"19:58","startHours":18.34573541259524,"endHours":19.95838698253717,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:58","end":"21:34","startHours":19.95838698253717,"endHours":21.5710385524791,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:34","end":"23:11","startHours":21.5710385524791,"endHours":23.18369012242103,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:11","end":"00:48","startHours":23.18369012242103,"endHours":24.79634169236296,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:48","end":"02:25","startHours":24.79634169236296,"endHours":26.40899326230489,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:25","end":"04:01","startHours":26.40899326230489,"endHours":28.02164483224682,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:01","end":"05:38","startHours":28.02164483224682,"endHours":29.634296402188752,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:38","end":"07:15","startHours":29.634296402188752,"endHours":31.246947972130684,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:15","end":"08:15","startHours":7.246947972130682,"endHours":8.246947972130682,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:15","end":"09:15","startHours":8.246947972130682,"endHours":9.246947972130682,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:15","end":"10:15","startHours":9.246947972130682,"endHours":10.246947972130682,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:15","end":"11:15","startHours":10.246947972130682,"endHours":11.246947972130682,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:15","end":"12:15","startHours":11.246947972130682,"endHours":12.246947972130682,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:15","end":"13:15","startHours":12.246947972130682,"endHours":13.246947972130682,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:15","end":"14:15","startHours":13.246947972130682,"endHours":14.246947972130682,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:15","end":"15:15","startHours":14.246947972130682,"endHours":15.246947972130682,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:15","end":"16:15","startHours":15.246947972130682,"endHours":16.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:15","end":"17:15","startHours":16.246947972130684,"endHours":17.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:15","end":"18:15","startHours":17.246947972130684,"endHours":18.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:15","end":"19:15","startHours":18.246947972130684,"endHours":19.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:15","end":"20:15","startHours":19.246947972130684,"endHours":20.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:15","end":"21:15","startHours":20.246947972130684,"endHours":21.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:15","end":"22:15","startHours":21.246947972130684,"endHours":22.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:15","end":"23:15","startHours":22.246947972130684,"endHours":23.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:15","end":"00:15","startHours":23.246947972130684,"endHours":24.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:15","end":"01:15","startHours":24.246947972130684,"endHours":25.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:15","end":"02:15","startHours":25.246947972130684,"endHours":26.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:15","end":"03:15","startHours":26.246947972130684,"endHours":27.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:15","end":"04:15","startHours":27.246947972130684,"endHours":28.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:15","end":"05:15","startHours":28.246947972130684,"endHours":29.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:15","end":"06:15","startHours":29.246947972130684,"endHours":30.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:15","end":"07:15","startHours":30.246947972130684,"endHours":31.246947972130684,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-21.054328057813475,"eotMinutes":-9.692901541777706,"ayanamsa":24.2447}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 16, 2028 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 16, 2028 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:15, sūryāsta 18:21.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-01-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-01-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-01-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-01-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2028-01-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:08:45.436Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:08:45.436Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:08:45.436Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}