{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:2026-12-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2026-12-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-12-28","date_display":"December 28, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461402.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872937.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":251.7283,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":124.0209,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":232.2927,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2927},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":124.0209,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0209},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":15.7492},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461402.770833,"ahargana":1872937.2708,"kali_year":5128,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.23,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.06567100000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":127.46327099999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.0981},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":134.70707099999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":249.00737099999992,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":122.20527100000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":204.94217100000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":344.023971,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":302.7702,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":122.7702,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461402.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872937.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":251.7283,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":124.0209,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":232.2927,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2927},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":124.0209,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0209},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":15.7492},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.098,"elongation":127.707},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.098,"opposition_distance":52.293}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:11","sunsetLocal":"18:09","solarNoonLocal":"12:40","dayLengthHours":10.97883879549866,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 58 Mins 44 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 01 Mins 16 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:04","moonsetLocal":"10:39","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:33","end":"09:55","startHours":8.549180526092794,"endHours":9.921535375530127,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:18","end":"12:40","startHours":11.293890224967459,"endHours":12.666245074404792,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:02","end":"15:25","startHours":14.038599923842124,"endHours":15.410954773279457,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:44","end":"10:06","startHours":9.738554728938482,"endHours":10.104516022121771,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:38","end":"07:56","startHours":7.634277293134573,"endHours":7.927046327681204,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:18","end":"13:02","startHours":12.300283781221504,"endHours":13.03220636758808,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:43","end":"06:27","startHours":5.7129805039223065,"endHours":6.444903090288884,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:16","end":"07:11","startHours":6.26192244369724,"endHours":7.1768256766554615,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:30","end":"15:14","startHours":14.496051540321236,"endHours":15.227974126687814,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:57","end":"18:21","startHours":17.955664472154123,"endHours":18.35566447215412,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:09","end":"18:37","startHours":18.155664472154122,"endHours":18.613116088633234,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:54","end":"19:39","startHours":17.905664472154122,"endHours":19.655664472154122,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:18","end":"01:02","startHours":24.300283781221502,"endHours":25.03220636758808,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:11","end":"08:33","startHours":7.1768256766554615,"endHours":8.549180526092794,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:33","end":"09:55","startHours":8.549180526092794,"endHours":9.921535375530127,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:55","end":"11:18","startHours":9.921535375530127,"endHours":11.293890224967459,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:18","end":"12:40","startHours":11.293890224967459,"endHours":12.666245074404792,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:40","end":"14:02","startHours":12.666245074404792,"endHours":14.038599923842124,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:02","end":"15:25","startHours":14.038599923842124,"endHours":15.410954773279457,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:25","end":"16:47","startHours":15.410954773279457,"endHours":16.78330962271679,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:47","end":"18:09","startHours":16.78330962271679,"endHours":18.155664472154122,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:09","end":"19:47","startHours":18.155664472154122,"endHours":19.78330962271679,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:47","end":"21:25","startHours":19.78330962271679,"endHours":21.410954773279457,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:25","end":"23:02","startHours":21.410954773279457,"endHours":23.038599923842124,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:02","end":"00:40","startHours":23.038599923842124,"endHours":24.66624507440479,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:40","end":"02:18","startHours":24.66624507440479,"endHours":26.29389022496746,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:18","end":"03:55","startHours":26.29389022496746,"endHours":27.921535375530127,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:55","end":"05:33","startHours":27.921535375530127,"endHours":29.549180526092794,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:33","end":"07:11","startHours":29.549180526092794,"endHours":31.17682567665546,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:11","end":"08:11","startHours":7.1768256766554615,"endHours":8.176825676655461,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:11","end":"09:11","startHours":8.176825676655461,"endHours":9.176825676655461,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:11","end":"10:11","startHours":9.176825676655461,"endHours":10.176825676655461,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:11","end":"11:11","startHours":10.176825676655461,"endHours":11.176825676655461,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:11","end":"12:11","startHours":11.176825676655461,"endHours":12.176825676655461,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:11","end":"13:11","startHours":12.176825676655461,"endHours":13.176825676655461,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:11","end":"14:11","startHours":13.176825676655461,"endHours":14.176825676655461,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:11","end":"15:11","startHours":14.176825676655461,"endHours":15.176825676655461,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:11","end":"16:11","startHours":15.176825676655461,"endHours":16.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:11","end":"17:11","startHours":16.17682567665546,"endHours":17.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:11","end":"18:11","startHours":17.17682567665546,"endHours":18.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:11","end":"19:11","startHours":18.17682567665546,"endHours":19.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:11","end":"20:11","startHours":19.17682567665546,"endHours":20.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:11","end":"21:11","startHours":20.17682567665546,"endHours":21.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:11","end":"22:11","startHours":21.17682567665546,"endHours":22.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:11","end":"23:11","startHours":22.17682567665546,"endHours":23.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:11","end":"00:11","startHours":23.17682567665546,"endHours":24.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:11","end":"01:11","startHours":24.17682567665546,"endHours":25.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:11","end":"02:11","startHours":25.17682567665546,"endHours":26.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:11","end":"03:11","startHours":26.17682567665546,"endHours":27.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:11","end":"04:11","startHours":27.17682567665546,"endHours":28.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:11","end":"05:11","startHours":28.17682567665546,"endHours":29.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:11","end":"06:11","startHours":29.17682567665546,"endHours":30.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:11","end":"07:11","startHours":30.17682567665546,"endHours":31.17682567665546,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.286796031585634,"eotMinutes":-1.8871044642874448,"ayanamsa":24.23}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 28, 2026 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 28, 2026 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:11, sūryāsta 18:09.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2026-12-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2026-12-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2026-12-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2026-12-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2026-12-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:10:44.800Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:10:44.800Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:10:44.800Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}