{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:2026-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2026-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461071.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872606.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.8927,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":83.6145,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":156.7219,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.7219},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2,"moon_longitude":83.6145,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.6145},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":10.5072},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461071.770833,"ahargana":1872606.2708,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2174,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.9451180000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":81.78501799999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.7597},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":281.36551800000007,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":293.22291799999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":83.09701799999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":292.41171800000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":334.417818,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":320.3082,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":140.3082,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461071.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872606.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.8927,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":83.6145,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":156.7219,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.7219},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2,"moon_longitude":83.6145,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.6145},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":10.5072},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.76,"elongation":156.722},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.76,"opposition_distance":23.278}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:13","sunsetLocal":"18:30","solarNoonLocal":"12:52","dayLengthHours":11.28648444732658,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 17 Mins 11 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 42 Mins 49 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:35","moonsetLocal":"05:47","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:02","end":"11:27","startHours":10.038665363865722,"endHours":11.449475919781545,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:16","end":"15:41","startHours":14.27109703161319,"endHours":15.681907587529013,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:13","end":"08:38","startHours":7.217044252034077,"endHours":8.6278548079499,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:51","end":"10:14","startHours":9.850557289743612,"endHours":10.22677343798783,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:41","end":"07:59","startHours":7.687314437339351,"endHours":7.988287355934727,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:29","end":"13:14","startHours":12.484070327453148,"endHours":13.236502623941588,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:43","end":"06:28","startHours":5.712179659057199,"endHours":6.464611955545638,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:17","end":"07:13","startHours":6.276503881423528,"endHours":7.217044252034077,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:44","end":"15:30","startHours":14.741367216918464,"endHours":15.493799513406902,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:18","end":"18:42","startHours":18.30352869936066,"endHours":18.703528699360657,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:30","end":"18:58","startHours":18.503528699360658,"endHours":18.973798884665932,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:15","end":"20:00","startHours":18.253528699360658,"endHours":20.003528699360658,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:29","end":"01:14","startHours":24.48407032745315,"endHours":25.236502623941586,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:13","end":"08:38","startHours":7.217044252034077,"endHours":8.6278548079499,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:38","end":"10:02","startHours":8.6278548079499,"endHours":10.038665363865722,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:02","end":"11:27","startHours":10.038665363865722,"endHours":11.449475919781545,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:27","end":"12:52","startHours":11.449475919781545,"endHours":12.860286475697368,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:52","end":"14:16","startHours":12.860286475697368,"endHours":14.27109703161319,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:16","end":"15:41","startHours":14.27109703161319,"endHours":15.681907587529013,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:41","end":"17:06","startHours":15.681907587529013,"endHours":17.092718143444834,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:06","end":"18:30","startHours":17.092718143444834,"endHours":18.503528699360658,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:30","end":"20:06","startHours":18.503528699360658,"endHours":20.092718143444834,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:06","end":"21:41","startHours":20.092718143444834,"endHours":21.68190758752901,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:41","end":"23:16","startHours":21.68190758752901,"endHours":23.271097031613188,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:16","end":"00:52","startHours":23.271097031613188,"endHours":24.860286475697368,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:52","end":"02:27","startHours":24.860286475697368,"endHours":26.449475919781545,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:27","end":"04:02","startHours":26.449475919781545,"endHours":28.03866536386572,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:02","end":"05:38","startHours":28.03866536386572,"endHours":29.627854807949902,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:38","end":"07:13","startHours":29.627854807949902,"endHours":31.21704425203408,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.217044252034077,"endHours":8.217044252034077,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.217044252034077,"endHours":9.217044252034077,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.217044252034077,"endHours":10.217044252034077,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.217044252034077,"endHours":11.217044252034077,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.217044252034077,"endHours":12.217044252034077,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.217044252034077,"endHours":13.217044252034077,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.217044252034077,"endHours":14.217044252034077,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.217044252034077,"endHours":15.217044252034077,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.217044252034077,"endHours":16.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.21704425203408,"endHours":17.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.21704425203408,"endHours":18.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.21704425203408,"endHours":19.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.21704425203408,"endHours":20.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.21704425203408,"endHours":21.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.21704425203408,"endHours":22.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.21704425203408,"endHours":23.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.21704425203408,"endHours":24.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.21704425203408,"endHours":25.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.21704425203408,"endHours":26.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.21704425203408,"endHours":27.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.21704425203408,"endHours":28.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.21704425203408,"endHours":29.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":29.21704425203408,"endHours":30.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":30.21704425203408,"endHours":31.21704425203408,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.423440134474212,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":24.2174}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Caturdaśī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2026 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2026 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Śukla Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 07:13, sūryāsta 18:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2026-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2026-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2026-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2026-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2026-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T14:22:12.081Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T14:22:12.081Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T14:22:12.081Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}