{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:2023-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2023-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460156.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871691.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.8517,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":259.0768,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":156.2251,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.2251},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":259.0768,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.7434},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":1.9284},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460156.770833,"ahargana":1871691.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1824,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.43527699999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":258.86767699999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.2358},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":138.130877,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":128.461477,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":19.418776999999977,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":122.77167700000001,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":311.66517699999997,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":8.7893,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":188.7893,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460156.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871691.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.8517,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":259.0768,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":156.2251,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.2251},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":259.0768,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.7434},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":1.9284},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.236,"elongation":156.225},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.236,"opposition_distance":23.775}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:14","sunsetLocal":"19:14","solarNoonLocal":"12:44","dayLengthHours":13.01087697379409,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 00 Mins 39 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 59 Mins 21 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:37","moonsetLocal":"04:35","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:51","end":"09:29","startHours":7.856904043366399,"endHours":9.48326366509066,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:07","end":"12:44","startHours":11.109623286814921,"endHours":12.735982908539182,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:22","end":"15:59","startHours":14.362342530263444,"endHours":15.988702151987706,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:16","end":"09:42","startHours":9.266415715527426,"endHours":9.700111614653895,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:46","end":"07:07","startHours":6.772664295550224,"endHours":7.1196210148514,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:18","end":"13:10","startHours":12.302287009412712,"endHours":13.169678807665651,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:30","end":"05:22","startHours":4.495760825136259,"endHours":5.3631526233891975,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:09","end":"06:14","startHours":5.146304673825963,"endHours":6.230544421642137,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:54","end":"15:46","startHours":14.904462404171529,"endHours":15.771854202424468,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:02","end":"19:26","startHours":19.041421395436227,"endHours":19.441421395436226,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:14","end":"19:47","startHours":19.241421395436227,"endHours":19.783541269344315,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:59","end":"20:44","startHours":18.991421395436227,"endHours":20.741421395436227,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:18","end":"01:10","startHours":24.302287009412712,"endHours":25.16967880766565,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:14","end":"07:51","startHours":6.230544421642137,"endHours":7.856904043366399,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:51","end":"09:29","startHours":7.856904043366399,"endHours":9.48326366509066,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:29","end":"11:07","startHours":9.48326366509066,"endHours":11.109623286814921,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:07","end":"12:44","startHours":11.109623286814921,"endHours":12.735982908539182,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:44","end":"14:22","startHours":12.735982908539182,"endHours":14.362342530263444,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:22","end":"15:59","startHours":14.362342530263444,"endHours":15.988702151987706,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:59","end":"17:37","startHours":15.988702151987706,"endHours":17.615061773711965,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:37","end":"19:14","startHours":17.615061773711965,"endHours":19.241421395436227,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"19:14","end":"20:37","startHours":19.241421395436227,"endHours":20.615061773711965,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:37","end":"21:59","startHours":20.615061773711965,"endHours":21.988702151987702,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:59","end":"23:22","startHours":21.988702151987702,"endHours":23.362342530263444,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:22","end":"00:44","startHours":23.362342530263444,"endHours":24.73598290853918,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:44","end":"02:07","startHours":24.73598290853918,"endHours":26.10962328681492,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:07","end":"03:29","startHours":26.10962328681492,"endHours":27.48326366509066,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:29","end":"04:51","startHours":27.48326366509066,"endHours":28.8569040433664,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:51","end":"06:14","startHours":28.8569040433664,"endHours":30.230544421642136,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:14","end":"07:14","startHours":6.230544421642137,"endHours":7.230544421642137,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:14","end":"08:14","startHours":7.230544421642137,"endHours":8.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:14","end":"09:14","startHours":8.230544421642136,"endHours":9.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:14","end":"10:14","startHours":9.230544421642136,"endHours":10.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:14","end":"11:14","startHours":10.230544421642136,"endHours":11.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:14","end":"12:14","startHours":11.230544421642136,"endHours":12.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:14","end":"13:14","startHours":12.230544421642136,"endHours":13.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:14","end":"14:14","startHours":13.230544421642136,"endHours":14.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:14","end":"15:14","startHours":14.230544421642136,"endHours":15.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:14","end":"16:14","startHours":15.230544421642136,"endHours":16.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:14","end":"17:14","startHours":16.230544421642136,"endHours":17.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:14","end":"18:14","startHours":17.230544421642136,"endHours":18.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:14","end":"19:14","startHours":18.230544421642136,"endHours":19.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:14","end":"20:14","startHours":19.230544421642136,"endHours":20.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:14","end":"21:14","startHours":20.230544421642136,"endHours":21.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:14","end":"22:14","startHours":21.230544421642136,"endHours":22.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:14","end":"23:14","startHours":22.230544421642136,"endHours":23.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:14","end":"00:14","startHours":23.230544421642136,"endHours":24.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:14","end":"01:14","startHours":24.230544421642136,"endHours":25.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:14","end":"02:14","startHours":25.230544421642136,"endHours":26.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:14","end":"03:14","startHours":26.230544421642136,"endHours":27.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:14","end":"04:14","startHours":27.230544421642136,"endHours":28.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:14","end":"05:14","startHours":28.230544421642136,"endHours":29.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:14","end":"06:14","startHours":29.230544421642136,"endHours":30.230544421642136,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mātaṇga","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.36349567525009,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":24.1824}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Caturdaśī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2023 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2023 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Śukla Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 06:14, sūryāsta 19:14.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2023-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2023-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2023-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2023-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2023-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:43:57.312Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:43:57.312Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T23:43:57.312Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}