{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:2013-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2013-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456501.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868036.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.5601,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":348.6554,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":248.0953,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.0953},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":348.6554,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.9888},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":89.2155},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456501.770833,"ahargana":1868036.2708,"kali_year":5115,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0426,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.10442499999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":351.078725,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.5011},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":75.51392499999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":81.56652500000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":72.58022500000004,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":132.38572499999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":190.84472499999993,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":202.4488,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":22.4488,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456501.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868036.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.5601,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":348.6554,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":248.0953,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.0953},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":348.6554,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.9888},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":89.2155},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.501,"elongation":111.905},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.501,"opposition_distance":68.095}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:13","sunsetLocal":"19:16","solarNoonLocal":"12:44","dayLengthHours":13.043482454444963,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 02 Mins 37 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 57 Mins 23 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:13","moonsetLocal":"11:35","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:38","end":"19:16","startHours":17.62893846502355,"endHours":19.259373771829168,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:44","end":"14:22","startHours":12.737632544606686,"endHours":14.368067851412306,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"16:00","end":"17:38","startHours":15.998503158217929,"endHours":17.62893846502355,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:16","end":"09:42","startHours":9.259370556754696,"endHours":9.694153305236195,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:46","end":"07:06","startHours":6.759369752986079,"endHours":7.107195951771279,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:18","end":"13:10","startHours":12.302849796125187,"endHours":13.172415293088186,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:29","end":"05:21","startHours":4.476760323458211,"endHours":5.3463258204212085,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:08","end":"06:13","startHours":5.128934446180459,"endHours":6.215891317384206,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:55","end":"15:47","startHours":14.911546287014179,"endHours":15.781111783977176,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:04","end":"19:28","startHours":19.05937377182917,"endHours":19.459373771829167,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:16","end":"19:48","startHours":19.259373771829168,"endHours":19.80285220743104,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:01","end":"20:46","startHours":19.009373771829168,"endHours":20.759373771829168,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:18","end":"01:10","startHours":24.302849796125187,"endHours":25.172415293088186,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:13","end":"07:51","startHours":6.215891317384206,"endHours":7.846326624189826,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:51","end":"09:29","startHours":7.846326624189826,"endHours":9.476761930995448,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:29","end":"11:06","startHours":9.476761930995448,"endHours":11.107197237801067,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:06","end":"12:44","startHours":11.107197237801067,"endHours":12.737632544606686,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:44","end":"14:22","startHours":12.737632544606686,"endHours":14.368067851412306,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:22","end":"16:00","startHours":14.368067851412306,"endHours":15.998503158217929,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:00","end":"17:38","startHours":15.998503158217929,"endHours":17.62893846502355,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:38","end":"19:16","startHours":17.62893846502355,"endHours":19.259373771829168,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:16","end":"20:38","startHours":19.259373771829168,"endHours":20.62893846502355,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:38","end":"22:00","startHours":20.62893846502355,"endHours":21.99850315821793,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:00","end":"23:22","startHours":21.99850315821793,"endHours":23.368067851412306,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:22","end":"00:44","startHours":23.368067851412306,"endHours":24.737632544606686,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:44","end":"02:06","startHours":24.737632544606686,"endHours":26.107197237801067,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:06","end":"03:29","startHours":26.107197237801067,"endHours":27.476761930995444,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:29","end":"04:51","startHours":27.476761930995444,"endHours":28.846326624189825,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:51","end":"06:13","startHours":28.846326624189825,"endHours":30.215891317384205,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":6.215891317384206,"endHours":7.215891317384206,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.215891317384206,"endHours":8.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.215891317384205,"endHours":9.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.215891317384205,"endHours":10.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.215891317384205,"endHours":11.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.215891317384205,"endHours":12.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.215891317384205,"endHours":13.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.215891317384205,"endHours":14.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.215891317384205,"endHours":15.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.215891317384205,"endHours":16.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.215891317384205,"endHours":17.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.215891317384205,"endHours":18.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.215891317384205,"endHours":19.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.215891317384205,"endHours":20.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.215891317384205,"endHours":21.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.215891317384205,"endHours":22.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.215891317384205,"endHours":23.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.215891317384205,"endHours":24.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.215891317384205,"endHours":25.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.215891317384205,"endHours":26.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.215891317384205,"endHours":27.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.215891317384205,"endHours":28.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.215891317384205,"endHours":29.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":29.215891317384205,"endHours":30.215891317384205,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.97871566222922,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":24.0426}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2013 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2013 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:13, sūryāsta 19:16.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2013-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2013-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2013-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2013-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2013-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T14:04:03.128Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T14:04:03.128Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T14:04:03.128Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}