{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:2013-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2013-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456323.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867858.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.2646,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":153.9208,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":226.6562,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.6562},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":153.9208,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.2541},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":81.1854},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456323.770833,"ahargana":1867858.2708,"kali_year":5114,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0358,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.284126,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":152.87442599999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.8134},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":304.20972600000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":296.028726,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":41.87662599999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":273.20432600000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":196.92352600000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":211.88,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":31.88,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456323.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867858.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.2646,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":153.9208,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":226.6562,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.6562},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":153.9208,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.2541},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":81.1854},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.813,"elongation":133.344},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.813,"opposition_distance":46.656}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:13","sunsetLocal":"18:30","solarNoonLocal":"12:52","dayLengthHours":11.28867256718545,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 17 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 42 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:50","moonsetLocal":"09:58","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:16","end":"15:41","startHours":14.271370546595548,"endHours":15.682454617493729,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:13","end":"08:38","startHours":7.215950192104642,"endHours":8.627034263002823,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:02","end":"11:27","startHours":10.038118333901004,"endHours":11.449202404799186,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:51","end":"10:14","startHours":9.84997379111458,"endHours":10.226262876687429,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:41","end":"07:59","startHours":7.686311549070703,"endHours":7.987342817528981,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:29","end":"13:14","startHours":12.48399739012452,"endHours":13.236575561270216,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:43","end":"06:28","startHours":5.710793849813248,"endHours":6.463372020958945,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:17","end":"07:13","startHours":6.275227478172521,"endHours":7.215950192104642,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:45","end":"15:30","startHours":14.741731903561607,"endHours":15.494310074707304,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:18","end":"18:42","startHours":18.304622759290094,"endHours":18.704622759290093,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:30","end":"18:58","startHours":18.504622759290093,"endHours":18.974984116256152,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:15","end":"20:00","startHours":18.254622759290093,"endHours":20.004622759290093,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:29","end":"01:14","startHours":24.483997390124518,"endHours":25.236575561270218,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:13","end":"08:38","startHours":7.215950192104642,"endHours":8.627034263002823,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:38","end":"10:02","startHours":8.627034263002823,"endHours":10.038118333901004,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:02","end":"11:27","startHours":10.038118333901004,"endHours":11.449202404799186,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:27","end":"12:52","startHours":11.449202404799186,"endHours":12.860286475697368,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:52","end":"14:16","startHours":12.860286475697368,"endHours":14.271370546595548,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:16","end":"15:41","startHours":14.271370546595548,"endHours":15.682454617493729,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:06","startHours":15.682454617493729,"endHours":17.093538688391913,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:06","end":"18:30","startHours":17.093538688391913,"endHours":18.504622759290093,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:30","end":"20:06","startHours":18.504622759290093,"endHours":20.093538688391913,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:06","end":"21:41","startHours":20.093538688391913,"endHours":21.682454617493732,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:41","end":"23:16","startHours":21.682454617493732,"endHours":23.27137054659555,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:16","end":"00:52","startHours":23.27137054659555,"endHours":24.860286475697368,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:52","end":"02:27","startHours":24.860286475697368,"endHours":26.449202404799188,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:27","end":"04:02","startHours":26.449202404799188,"endHours":28.038118333901004,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:02","end":"05:38","startHours":28.038118333901004,"endHours":29.627034263002823,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:38","end":"07:13","startHours":29.627034263002823,"endHours":31.215950192104643,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.215950192104642,"endHours":8.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.215950192104643,"endHours":9.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.215950192104643,"endHours":10.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.215950192104643,"endHours":11.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.215950192104643,"endHours":12.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.215950192104643,"endHours":13.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.215950192104643,"endHours":14.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.215950192104643,"endHours":15.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.215950192104643,"endHours":16.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.215950192104643,"endHours":17.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.215950192104643,"endHours":18.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.215950192104643,"endHours":19.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.215950192104643,"endHours":20.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.215950192104643,"endHours":21.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.215950192104643,"endHours":22.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.215950192104643,"endHours":23.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.215950192104643,"endHours":24.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.215950192104643,"endHours":25.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.215950192104643,"endHours":26.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.215950192104643,"endHours":27.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.215950192104643,"endHours":28.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.215950192104643,"endHours":29.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":29.215950192104643,"endHours":30.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":30.215950192104643,"endHours":31.215950192104643,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.380188589258374,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":24.0358}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2},{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2013 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2013 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 07:13, sūryāsta 18:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2013-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2013-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2013-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2013-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/2013-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T18:01:35.863Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T18:01:35.863Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T18:01:35.863Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}