{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:1998-10-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1998-10-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-10-31","date_display":"October 31, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":10,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451117.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862652.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":192.8906,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":317.8839,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":124.9934,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.9934},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":317.8839,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.2173},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":150.7745},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":20,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":10,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451117.770833,"ahargana":1862652.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8367,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":193.576634,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":315.4278340000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.7934},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":140.34853399999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":214.05953399999999,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":324.631934,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":193.82603399999994,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":5.669633999999974,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":127.719,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":307.719,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":10,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451117.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862652.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":192.8906,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":317.8839,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":124.9934,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.9934},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":317.8839,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.2173},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":150.7745},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":20,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.793,"elongation":124.993},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.793,"opposition_distance":55.007}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:38","sunsetLocal":"18:05","solarNoonLocal":"12:22","dayLengthHours":11.457578469745904,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 27 Mins 27 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 32 Mins 33 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:38","moonsetLocal":"02:20","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:30","end":"10:56","startHours":9.496185723388052,"endHours":10.928383032106291,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:48","end":"15:13","startHours":13.792777649542767,"endHours":15.224974958261004,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:38","end":"08:04","startHours":6.631791105951577,"endHours":8.063988414669815,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:18","end":"09:41","startHours":9.305226082225621,"endHours":9.687145364550485,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:07","end":"07:25","startHours":7.109190208857656,"endHours":7.414725634717547,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:45","startHours":11.978661058499666,"endHours":12.742499623149394,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:06","end":"05:52","startHours":5.104113976652123,"endHours":5.86795254130185,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:41","end":"06:38","startHours":5.676992900139418,"endHours":6.631791105951577,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:16","end":"15:02","startHours":14.270176752448847,"endHours":15.034015317098575,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:53","end":"18:17","startHours":17.889369575697483,"endHours":18.28936957569748,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:05","end":"18:34","startHours":18.089369575697482,"endHours":18.566768678603562,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:50","end":"19:35","startHours":17.839369575697482,"endHours":19.589369575697482,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:45","startHours":23.978661058499668,"endHours":24.742499623149392,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:38","end":"08:04","startHours":6.631791105951577,"endHours":8.063988414669815,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:04","end":"09:30","startHours":8.063988414669815,"endHours":9.496185723388052,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:30","end":"10:56","startHours":9.496185723388052,"endHours":10.928383032106291,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:56","end":"12:22","startHours":10.928383032106291,"endHours":12.36058034082453,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:22","end":"13:48","startHours":12.36058034082453,"endHours":13.792777649542767,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:48","end":"15:13","startHours":13.792777649542767,"endHours":15.224974958261004,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:13","end":"16:39","startHours":15.224974958261004,"endHours":16.657172266979245,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:39","end":"18:05","startHours":16.657172266979245,"endHours":18.089369575697482,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:05","end":"19:39","startHours":18.089369575697482,"endHours":19.657172266979245,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:39","end":"21:13","startHours":19.657172266979245,"endHours":21.224974958261008,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:13","end":"22:48","startHours":21.224974958261008,"endHours":22.792777649542767,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:48","end":"00:22","startHours":22.792777649542767,"endHours":24.36058034082453,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:22","end":"01:56","startHours":24.36058034082453,"endHours":25.928383032106293,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:56","end":"03:30","startHours":25.928383032106293,"endHours":27.496185723388052,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:30","end":"05:04","startHours":27.496185723388052,"endHours":29.063988414669815,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:04","end":"06:38","startHours":29.063988414669815,"endHours":30.631791105951578,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:38","end":"07:38","startHours":6.631791105951577,"endHours":7.631791105951577,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:38","end":"08:38","startHours":7.631791105951577,"endHours":8.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:38","end":"09:38","startHours":8.631791105951578,"endHours":9.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:38","end":"10:38","startHours":9.631791105951578,"endHours":10.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:38","end":"11:38","startHours":10.631791105951578,"endHours":11.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:38","end":"12:38","startHours":11.631791105951578,"endHours":12.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:38","end":"13:38","startHours":12.631791105951578,"endHours":13.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:38","end":"14:38","startHours":13.631791105951578,"endHours":14.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:38","end":"15:38","startHours":14.631791105951578,"endHours":15.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:38","end":"16:38","startHours":15.631791105951578,"endHours":16.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:38","end":"17:38","startHours":16.631791105951578,"endHours":17.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:38","end":"18:38","startHours":17.631791105951578,"endHours":18.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:38","end":"19:38","startHours":18.631791105951578,"endHours":19.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:38","end":"20:38","startHours":19.631791105951578,"endHours":20.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:38","end":"21:38","startHours":20.631791105951578,"endHours":21.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:38","end":"22:38","startHours":21.631791105951578,"endHours":22.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:38","end":"23:38","startHours":22.631791105951578,"endHours":23.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:38","end":"00:38","startHours":23.631791105951578,"endHours":24.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:38","end":"01:38","startHours":24.631791105951578,"endHours":25.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:38","end":"02:38","startHours":25.631791105951578,"endHours":26.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:38","end":"03:38","startHours":26.631791105951578,"endHours":27.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:38","end":"04:38","startHours":27.631791105951578,"endHours":28.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:38","end":"05:38","startHours":28.631791105951578,"endHours":29.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:38","end":"06:38","startHours":29.631791105951578,"endHours":30.631791105951578,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-13.983745188761247,"eotMinutes":16.45277955052819,"ayanamsa":23.8367}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Kārtika","lunar_month_amanta":"Kārtika","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Śukla Ekādaśī · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[{"id":"devotthana-ekadashi","name":"Devotthāna Ekādaśī (Prabodhinī)","name_sanskrit":"देवोत्थान एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu awakens; Cāturmāsya ends; weddings can resume.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Kārtika"},"precedence":3},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 31, 1998 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 31, 1998 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Śukla Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 06:38, sūryāsta 18:05.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1998-10-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1998-10-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1998-10-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1998-10-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1998-10-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T22:51:33.224Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T22:51:33.224Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T22:51:33.224Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}