{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:1997-09-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1997-09-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-09-01","date_display":"September 1, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":9,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450692.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862227.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":134.1505,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":124.1169,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":349.9664,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.9664},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":124.1169,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.1169},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":258.2675},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":9,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450692.770833,"ahargana":1862227.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8204,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":134.831972,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":124.46057199999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.9795},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":197.388372,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":134.07697199999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":290.431872,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":173.28887199999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":355.720472,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":150.2375,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":330.2375,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":9,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450692.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862227.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":134.1505,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":124.1169,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":349.9664,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.9664},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":124.1169,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.1169},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":258.2675},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.98,"elongation":10.034},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.98,"opposition_distance":169.966}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":1,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.043,"elongation":1.659}]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:22","sunsetLocal":"18:53","solarNoonLocal":"12:38","dayLengthHours":12.508924251103693,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 30 Mins 32 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 29 Mins 28 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:36","moonsetLocal":"18:16","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:56","end":"09:30","startHours":7.936013108984894,"endHours":9.499628640372855,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:04","end":"12:38","startHours":11.063244171760818,"endHours":12.626859703148778,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:11","end":"15:45","startHours":14.190475234536741,"endHours":15.754090765924701,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:17","end":"09:42","startHours":9.291146569521128,"endHours":9.708110711224585,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:54","end":"07:14","startHours":6.893602754726253,"endHours":7.227174068089018,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:03","startHours":12.209895561445322,"endHours":13.043823844852234,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:42","end":"05:32","startHours":4.704541010783107,"endHours":5.538469294190019,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:20","end":"06:22","startHours":5.329987223338291,"endHours":6.372397577596932,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:43","end":"15:33","startHours":14.711680411666059,"endHours":15.545608695072971,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:41","end":"19:05","startHours":18.681321828700625,"endHours":19.081321828700624,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:53","end":"19:24","startHours":18.881321828700624,"endHours":19.402527005829945,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:38","end":"20:23","startHours":18.631321828700624,"endHours":20.381321828700624,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:03","startHours":24.20989556144532,"endHours":25.043823844852234,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:22","end":"07:56","startHours":6.372397577596932,"endHours":7.936013108984894,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:56","end":"09:30","startHours":7.936013108984894,"endHours":9.499628640372855,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:30","end":"11:04","startHours":9.499628640372855,"endHours":11.063244171760818,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:04","end":"12:38","startHours":11.063244171760818,"endHours":12.626859703148778,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:38","end":"14:11","startHours":12.626859703148778,"endHours":14.190475234536741,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:11","end":"15:45","startHours":14.190475234536741,"endHours":15.754090765924701,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:45","end":"17:19","startHours":15.754090765924701,"endHours":17.317706297312665,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:19","end":"18:53","startHours":17.317706297312665,"endHours":18.881321828700624,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:53","end":"20:19","startHours":18.881321828700624,"endHours":20.31770629731266,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:19","end":"21:45","startHours":20.31770629731266,"endHours":21.7540907659247,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:45","end":"23:11","startHours":21.7540907659247,"endHours":23.19047523453674,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:11","end":"00:38","startHours":23.19047523453674,"endHours":24.626859703148778,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:38","end":"02:04","startHours":24.626859703148778,"endHours":26.063244171760815,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:04","end":"03:30","startHours":26.063244171760815,"endHours":27.499628640372855,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:30","end":"04:56","startHours":27.499628640372855,"endHours":28.936013108984895,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:56","end":"06:22","startHours":28.936013108984895,"endHours":30.37239757759693,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":6.372397577596932,"endHours":7.372397577596932,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.372397577596932,"endHours":8.372397577596931,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.372397577596931,"endHours":9.372397577596931,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.372397577596931,"endHours":10.372397577596931,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.372397577596931,"endHours":11.372397577596931,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.372397577596931,"endHours":12.372397577596931,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.372397577596931,"endHours":13.372397577596931,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.372397577596931,"endHours":14.372397577596931,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.372397577596931,"endHours":15.372397577596931,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.372397577596931,"endHours":16.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.37239757759693,"endHours":17.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.37239757759693,"endHours":18.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.37239757759693,"endHours":19.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.37239757759693,"endHours":20.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.37239757759693,"endHours":21.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.37239757759693,"endHours":22.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.37239757759693,"endHours":23.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.37239757759693,"endHours":24.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.37239757759693,"endHours":25.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.37239757759693,"endHours":26.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.37239757759693,"endHours":27.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.37239757759693,"endHours":28.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.37239757759693,"endHours":29.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":29.37239757759693,"endHours":30.37239757759693,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":8.324817222939078,"eotMinutes":0.47601781107335894,"ayanamsa":23.8204}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"mahalaya-amavasya","name":"Mahālaya Amāvasyā (Sarvapitṛ Amāvasyā)","name_sanskrit":"महालय अमावस्या","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Pitṛ-deva","significance":"Final day of Pitṛ-Pakṣa; tarpaṇa for all ancestors.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":30,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":1},{"id":"simha-sankranti","name":"Siṁha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"सिंह सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Leo.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Siṃha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 1, 1997 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 1, 1997 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 06:22, sūryāsta 18:53.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1997-09-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1997-09-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1997-09-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1997-09-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1997-09-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T19:52:37.558Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T19:52:37.558Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T19:52:37.558Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}