{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:1997-04-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1997-04-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-04-16","date_display":"April 16, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450554.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862089.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.4132,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":105.2505,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":102.8373,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8373},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4,"moon_longitude":105.2505,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.9172},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":107.6637},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450554.770833,"ahargana":1862089.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8151,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.281244000000015,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":107.05204400000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.5591},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":143.79404399999999,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":16.043543999999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":293.723244,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":5.788343999999995,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":348.440244,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":157.5494,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":337.5494,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450554.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862089.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.4132,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":105.2505,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":102.8373,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8373},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4,"moon_longitude":105.2505,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.9172},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":107.6637},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.559,"elongation":102.837},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.559,"opposition_distance":77.163}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:20","sunsetLocal":"18:56","solarNoonLocal":"12:38","dayLengthHours":12.59327295498141,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 35 Mins 36 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 24 Mins 24 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:09","moonsetLocal":"02:05","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:38","end":"14:13","startHours":12.634538481390027,"endHours":14.208697600762703,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:55","end":"09:29","startHours":7.9120611232719975,"endHours":9.486220242644674,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:04","end":"12:38","startHours":11.06037936201735,"endHours":12.634538481390027,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:17","end":"09:42","startHours":9.276332360061652,"endHours":9.696108125227697,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:52","end":"07:12","startHours":6.86262171035688,"endHours":7.198442322489718,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:03","startHours":12.214762716223978,"endHours":13.054314246556073,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:40","end":"05:30","startHours":4.6587989432351335,"endHours":5.4983504735672275,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:17","end":"06:20","startHours":5.288462590984204,"endHours":6.3379020038993215,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:44","end":"15:34","startHours":14.733417307220263,"endHours":15.572968837552358,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:44","end":"19:08","startHours":18.731174958880732,"endHours":19.13117495888073,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:56","end":"19:27","startHours":18.93117495888073,"endHours":19.455894665338292,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:41","end":"20:26","startHours":18.68117495888073,"endHours":20.43117495888073,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:03","startHours":24.214762716223976,"endHours":25.05431424655607,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:20","end":"07:55","startHours":6.3379020038993215,"endHours":7.9120611232719975,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:55","end":"09:29","startHours":7.9120611232719975,"endHours":9.486220242644674,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:29","end":"11:04","startHours":9.486220242644674,"endHours":11.06037936201735,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:04","end":"12:38","startHours":11.06037936201735,"endHours":12.634538481390027,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:38","end":"14:13","startHours":12.634538481390027,"endHours":14.208697600762703,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:13","end":"15:47","startHours":14.208697600762703,"endHours":15.78285672013538,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:47","end":"17:21","startHours":15.78285672013538,"endHours":17.357015839508055,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:21","end":"18:56","startHours":17.357015839508055,"endHours":18.93117495888073,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:56","end":"20:21","startHours":18.93117495888073,"endHours":20.357015839508055,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:21","end":"21:47","startHours":20.357015839508055,"endHours":21.782856720135378,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:47","end":"23:13","startHours":21.782856720135378,"endHours":23.208697600762704,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:13","end":"00:38","startHours":23.208697600762704,"endHours":24.634538481390027,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:38","end":"02:04","startHours":24.634538481390027,"endHours":26.06037936201735,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:04","end":"03:29","startHours":26.06037936201735,"endHours":27.486220242644674,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:29","end":"04:55","startHours":27.486220242644674,"endHours":28.912061123271997,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:55","end":"06:20","startHours":28.912061123271997,"endHours":30.337902003899323,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:20","end":"07:20","startHours":6.3379020038993215,"endHours":7.3379020038993215,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:20","end":"08:20","startHours":7.3379020038993215,"endHours":8.337902003899321,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:20","end":"09:20","startHours":8.337902003899321,"endHours":9.337902003899321,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:20","end":"10:20","startHours":9.337902003899321,"endHours":10.337902003899321,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:20","end":"11:20","startHours":10.337902003899321,"endHours":11.337902003899321,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:20","end":"12:20","startHours":11.337902003899321,"endHours":12.337902003899321,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:20","end":"13:20","startHours":12.337902003899321,"endHours":13.337902003899321,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:20","end":"14:20","startHours":13.337902003899321,"endHours":14.337902003899321,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:20","end":"15:20","startHours":14.337902003899321,"endHours":15.337902003899321,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:20","end":"16:20","startHours":15.337902003899321,"endHours":16.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:20","end":"17:20","startHours":16.337902003899323,"endHours":17.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:20","end":"18:20","startHours":17.337902003899323,"endHours":18.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:20","end":"19:20","startHours":18.337902003899323,"endHours":19.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:20","end":"20:20","startHours":19.337902003899323,"endHours":20.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:20","end":"21:20","startHours":20.337902003899323,"endHours":21.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:20","end":"22:20","startHours":21.337902003899323,"endHours":22.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:20","end":"23:20","startHours":22.337902003899323,"endHours":23.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:20","end":"00:20","startHours":23.337902003899323,"endHours":24.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:20","end":"01:20","startHours":24.337902003899323,"endHours":25.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:20","end":"02:20","startHours":25.337902003899323,"endHours":26.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:20","end":"03:20","startHours":26.337902003899323,"endHours":27.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:20","end":"04:20","startHours":27.337902003899323,"endHours":28.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:20","end":"05:20","startHours":28.337902003899323,"endHours":29.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:20","end":"06:20","startHours":29.337902003899323,"endHours":30.337902003899323,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":10.076056703363049,"eotMinutes":0.015291116598477705,"ayanamsa":23.8151}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"rama-navami","name":"Rāma Navamī","name_sanskrit":"राम नवमी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Rāma (18th avatāra of Krishna)","deity_avatara_index":18,"significance":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā. Sūryavaṃśa's most exalted moment.","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Madhyāhna (noon) abhiṣekam in Ayodhyā tradition","detection":{"tithi_number":9,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Caitra"},"precedence":1,"related_chart":"rama","historical_anchor":{"event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","date_julian":"-1626101-04-03","location":"Ayodhyā"},"sources":["Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Bāla-Kāṇḍa 1.18"]}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"rama-navami-walk","name":"Rāma Navamī Walk","name_sanskrit":"राम नवमी यात्रा","type":"festival","description":"Vālmīki Bāla-Kāṇḍa selections + BG 4.7-8 (avatāra principle).","step_count":9,"url":"/walk/rama-navami-walk"},"reason":"Today is Rāma Navamī — its dedicated walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 16, 1997 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 16, 1997 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 06:20, sūryāsta 18:56.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1997-04-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1997-04-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1997-04-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1997-04-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1997-04-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T13:46:35.875Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T13:46:35.875Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T13:46:35.875Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}