{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:1971-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1971-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1971-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 1971 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1971,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441222.770833,"kali_year":5073,"ahargana":1852757.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.1315,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":257.8189,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":97.6875,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.6875},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":257.8189,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.4856},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":57.9504},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":16,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1971,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441222.770833,"ahargana":1852757.2708,"kali_year":5073,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4582,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.80739500000004,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":254.62979500000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.5266},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":291.04059499999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":152.658995,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":219.72729500000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":169.64749500000005,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":43.37409500000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":292.0037,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":112.0037,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1971,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441222.770833,"kali_year":5073,"ahargana":1852757.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.1315,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":257.8189,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":97.6875,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.6875},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":257.8189,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.4856},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":57.9504},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":16,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.527,"elongation":97.687},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.527,"opposition_distance":82.313}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:27","sunsetLocal":"18:29","solarNoonLocal":"12:28","dayLengthHours":12.038852177372732,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 02 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 57 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:15","moonsetLocal":"00:12","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:28","end":"16:59","startHours":15.47482655254623,"endHours":16.97968307471782,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:27","end":"10:58","startHours":9.455400463859863,"endHours":10.960256986031453,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:28","end":"13:58","startHours":12.465113508203046,"endHours":13.969970030374636,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:15","end":"09:39","startHours":9.254752927570317,"endHours":9.656048000149408,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:57","end":"07:16","startHours":6.947306260240543,"endHours":7.268342318303816,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:04","end":"12:52","startHours":12.063818435623956,"endHours":12.866408580782137,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:50","end":"05:39","startHours":4.840507129200315,"endHours":5.643097274358498,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:27","end":"06:27","startHours":5.442449738068952,"endHours":6.44568741951668,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:16","startHours":14.4715888710985,"endHours":15.274179016256683,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:17","end":"18:41","startHours":18.284539596889413,"endHours":18.68453959688941,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:29","end":"18:59","startHours":18.484539596889412,"endHours":18.986158437613277,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:14","end":"19:59","startHours":18.234539596889412,"endHours":19.984539596889412,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:04","end":"00:52","startHours":24.063818435623954,"endHours":24.86640858078214,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:27","end":"07:57","startHours":6.44568741951668,"endHours":7.950543941688271,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:57","end":"09:27","startHours":7.950543941688271,"endHours":9.455400463859863,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:27","end":"10:58","startHours":9.455400463859863,"endHours":10.960256986031453,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:58","end":"12:28","startHours":10.960256986031453,"endHours":12.465113508203046,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:28","end":"13:58","startHours":12.465113508203046,"endHours":13.969970030374636,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:58","end":"15:28","startHours":13.969970030374636,"endHours":15.47482655254623,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:28","end":"16:59","startHours":15.47482655254623,"endHours":16.97968307471782,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:59","end":"18:29","startHours":16.97968307471782,"endHours":18.484539596889412,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:29","end":"19:59","startHours":18.484539596889412,"endHours":19.97968307471782,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:59","end":"21:28","startHours":19.97968307471782,"endHours":21.47482655254623,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:28","end":"22:58","startHours":21.47482655254623,"endHours":22.96997003037464,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:58","end":"00:28","startHours":22.96997003037464,"endHours":24.465113508203046,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:28","end":"01:58","startHours":24.465113508203046,"endHours":25.960256986031453,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:58","end":"03:27","startHours":25.960256986031453,"endHours":27.455400463859863,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:27","end":"04:57","startHours":27.455400463859863,"endHours":28.950543941688274,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:57","end":"06:27","startHours":28.950543941688274,"endHours":30.44568741951668,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:27","end":"07:27","startHours":6.44568741951668,"endHours":7.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:27","end":"08:27","startHours":7.44568741951668,"endHours":8.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:27","end":"09:27","startHours":8.44568741951668,"endHours":9.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:27","end":"10:27","startHours":9.44568741951668,"endHours":10.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:27","end":"11:27","startHours":10.44568741951668,"endHours":11.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:27","end":"12:27","startHours":11.44568741951668,"endHours":12.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:27","end":"13:27","startHours":12.44568741951668,"endHours":13.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:27","end":"14:27","startHours":13.44568741951668,"endHours":14.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:27","end":"15:27","startHours":14.44568741951668,"endHours":15.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:27","end":"16:27","startHours":15.44568741951668,"endHours":16.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:27","end":"17:27","startHours":16.44568741951668,"endHours":17.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:27","end":"18:27","startHours":17.44568741951668,"endHours":18.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:27","end":"19:27","startHours":18.44568741951668,"endHours":19.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:27","end":"20:27","startHours":19.44568741951668,"endHours":20.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:27","end":"21:27","startHours":20.44568741951668,"endHours":21.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:27","end":"22:27","startHours":21.44568741951668,"endHours":22.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:27","end":"23:27","startHours":22.44568741951668,"endHours":23.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:27","end":"00:27","startHours":23.44568741951668,"endHours":24.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:27","end":"01:27","startHours":24.44568741951668,"endHours":25.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:27","end":"02:27","startHours":25.44568741951668,"endHours":26.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:27","end":"03:27","startHours":26.44568741951668,"endHours":27.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:27","end":"04:27","startHours":27.44568741951668,"endHours":28.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:27","end":"05:27","startHours":28.44568741951668,"endHours":29.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:27","end":"06:27","startHours":29.44568741951668,"endHours":30.44568741951668,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-1.6952461330400972,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":23.4582}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2028,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","saka_samvat":1893,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1378,"malayalam_era":1147,"nanakshahi_year":502,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2028 Raktākṣī · Śaka 1893 Virodhakṛt"},"festivals":[{"id":"mahanavami","name":"Mahā-Navamī","name_sanskrit":"महानवमी","tradition":"Shakta","associated_deity":"Devī Durgā","significance":"9th day of Śāradīya Navrātri; Devī's final victory.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":9,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":1}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Mahā-Navamī is not live yet; Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 1971 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 1971 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 06:27, sūryāsta 18:29.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1971-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1971-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1971-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1971-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1971-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T07:02:45.625Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T07:02:45.625Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T07:02:45.625Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}