{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:thane:1897-12-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1897-12-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1897-12-28","date_display":"December 28, 1897 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1897,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2414286.770833,"kali_year":4999,"ahargana":1825821.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.1745,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":309.0514,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":54.8768,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8768},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":309.0514,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.3847},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":203.2259},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1897,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2414286.770833,"ahargana":1825821.2708,"kali_year":4999,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.428,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.18854899999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":310.97444900000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.238},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":245.18264900000008,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":272.87154899999996,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":167.46864900000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":243.64964899999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":225.71114899999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":279.2026,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":99.2026,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1897,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2414286.770833,"kali_year":4999,"ahargana":1825821.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.1745,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":309.0514,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":54.8768,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8768},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":309.0514,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.3847},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":203.2259},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.238,"elongation":54.877},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.238,"opposition_distance":125.123}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":11,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.988,"opposition_distance":0.446}]},"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"thane","name":"Thane, Maharashtra","lat":19.2183,"lon":72.9781,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:11","sunsetLocal":"18:09","solarNoonLocal":"12:40","dayLengthHours":10.979691881554707,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 58 Mins 47 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 01 Mins 13 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:39","moonsetLocal":"22:15","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:25","end":"16:47","startHours":15.411168044793467,"endHours":16.783629529987806,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:55","end":"11:18","startHours":9.921322104016113,"endHours":11.293783589210452,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:40","end":"14:02","startHours":12.666245074404792,"endHours":14.03870655959913,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:44","end":"10:06","startHours":9.738327239323535,"endHours":10.104316968708693,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:38","end":"07:56","startHours":7.6338862953588835,"endHours":7.926678078867009,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:18","end":"13:02","startHours":12.300255345019634,"endHours":13.03223480378995,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:43","end":"06:27","startHours":5.71244021608681,"endHours":6.444419674857123,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:16","end":"07:11","startHours":6.261424810164545,"endHours":7.176399133627437,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:30","end":"15:14","startHours":14.496193721330574,"endHours":15.228173180100887,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:57","end":"18:21","startHours":17.956091015182146,"endHours":18.356091015182145,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:09","end":"18:37","startHours":18.156091015182145,"endHours":18.61357817691359,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:54","end":"19:39","startHours":17.906091015182145,"endHours":19.656091015182145,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:18","end":"01:02","startHours":24.300255345019636,"endHours":25.032234803789947,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"07:11","end":"08:33","startHours":7.176399133627437,"endHours":8.548860618821776,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:33","end":"09:55","startHours":8.548860618821776,"endHours":9.921322104016113,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:55","end":"11:18","startHours":9.921322104016113,"endHours":11.293783589210452,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:18","end":"12:40","startHours":11.293783589210452,"endHours":12.666245074404792,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:40","end":"14:02","startHours":12.666245074404792,"endHours":14.03870655959913,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:02","end":"15:25","startHours":14.03870655959913,"endHours":15.411168044793467,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:25","end":"16:47","startHours":15.411168044793467,"endHours":16.783629529987806,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:47","end":"18:09","startHours":16.783629529987806,"endHours":18.156091015182145,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:09","end":"19:47","startHours":18.156091015182145,"endHours":19.783629529987806,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:47","end":"21:25","startHours":19.783629529987806,"endHours":21.41116804479347,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:25","end":"23:02","startHours":21.41116804479347,"endHours":23.03870655959913,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:02","end":"00:40","startHours":23.03870655959913,"endHours":24.66624507440479,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:40","end":"02:18","startHours":24.66624507440479,"endHours":26.293783589210452,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:18","end":"03:55","startHours":26.293783589210452,"endHours":27.921322104016113,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:55","end":"05:33","startHours":27.921322104016113,"endHours":29.548860618821777,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:33","end":"07:11","startHours":29.548860618821777,"endHours":31.176399133627438,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:11","end":"08:11","startHours":7.176399133627437,"endHours":8.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:11","end":"09:11","startHours":8.176399133627438,"endHours":9.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:11","end":"10:11","startHours":9.176399133627438,"endHours":10.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:11","end":"11:11","startHours":10.176399133627438,"endHours":11.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:11","end":"12:11","startHours":11.176399133627438,"endHours":12.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:11","end":"13:11","startHours":12.176399133627438,"endHours":13.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:11","end":"14:11","startHours":13.176399133627438,"endHours":14.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:11","end":"15:11","startHours":14.176399133627438,"endHours":15.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:11","end":"16:11","startHours":15.176399133627438,"endHours":16.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:11","end":"17:11","startHours":16.176399133627438,"endHours":17.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:11","end":"18:11","startHours":17.176399133627438,"endHours":18.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:11","end":"19:11","startHours":18.176399133627438,"endHours":19.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:11","end":"20:11","startHours":19.176399133627438,"endHours":20.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:11","end":"21:11","startHours":20.176399133627438,"endHours":21.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:11","end":"22:11","startHours":21.176399133627438,"endHours":22.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:11","end":"23:11","startHours":22.176399133627438,"endHours":23.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:11","end":"00:11","startHours":23.176399133627438,"endHours":24.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:11","end":"01:11","startHours":24.176399133627438,"endHours":25.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:11","end":"02:11","startHours":25.176399133627438,"endHours":26.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:11","end":"03:11","startHours":26.176399133627438,"endHours":27.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:11","end":"04:11","startHours":27.176399133627438,"endHours":28.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:11","end":"05:11","startHours":28.176399133627438,"endHours":29.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:11","end":"06:11","startHours":29.176399133627438,"endHours":30.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:11","end":"07:11","startHours":30.176399133627438,"endHours":31.176399133627438,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.271174021672266,"eotMinutes":-1.8871044642874448,"ayanamsa":22.428}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1954,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1819,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1304,"malayalam_era":1073,"nanakshahi_year":428,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 1954 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1819 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"thane"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 28, 1897 CE · Thane, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 28, 1897 CE for Thane, Maharashtra: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:11, sūryāsta 18:09.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1897-12-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1897-12-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1897-12-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1897-12-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/thane/1897-12-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T03:49:09.099Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T03:49:09.099Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T03:49:09.099Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}