{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:surat:2026-03-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2026-03-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-03-31","date_display":"March 31, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461130.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872665.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.2319,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":142.8234,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":156.5915,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.5915},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":142.8234,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.49},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":129.0552},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461130.770833,"ahargana":1872665.2708,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2196,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.123463,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.97876299999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.4419},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":327.7359630000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":318.3781630000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":81.33016299999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":5.8966629999999896,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":341.293663,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":317.1821,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":137.1821,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461130.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872665.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.2319,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":142.8234,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":156.5915,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.5915},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":142.8234,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.49},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":129.0552},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.442,"elongation":156.591},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.442,"opposition_distance":23.409}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-12,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.168,"elongation":1.468}]},"city":{"slug":"surat","name":"Surat, Gujarat","lat":21.1702,"lon":72.8311,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":13},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"surat","name":"Surat, Gujarat","lat":21.1702,"lon":72.8311,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":13},"sunriseLocal":"06:33","sunsetLocal":"18:53","solarNoonLocal":"12:43","dayLengthHours":12.331320354810348,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 19 Mins 53 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 40 Mins 07 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:56","moonsetLocal":"05:18","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:48","end":"17:21","startHours":15.805118445637362,"endHours":17.346533489988655,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:38","end":"11:11","startHours":9.639458268232186,"endHours":11.180873312583481,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:43","end":"14:16","startHours":12.722288356934774,"endHours":14.263703401286067,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:26","end":"09:51","startHours":9.433936262318682,"endHours":9.844980274145692,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:04","end":"07:24","startHours":7.070433194313365,"endHours":7.3992684037749745,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:19","end":"13:08","startHours":12.311244345107763,"endHours":13.133332368761785,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:55","end":"05:44","startHours":4.912452132221554,"endHours":5.734540155875576,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:32","end":"06:33","startHours":5.529018149962071,"endHours":6.5566281795296,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:47","end":"15:36","startHours":14.777508416069832,"endHours":15.599596439723856,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:41","end":"19:05","startHours":18.68794853433995,"endHours":19.087948534339947,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:53","end":"19:24","startHours":18.887948534339948,"endHours":19.40175354912371,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:38","end":"20:23","startHours":18.637948534339948,"endHours":20.387948534339948,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:19","end":"01:08","startHours":24.311244345107763,"endHours":25.13333236876179,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:33","end":"08:06","startHours":6.5566281795296,"endHours":8.098043223880893,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:06","end":"09:38","startHours":8.098043223880893,"endHours":9.639458268232186,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:38","end":"11:11","startHours":9.639458268232186,"endHours":11.180873312583481,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:11","end":"12:43","startHours":11.180873312583481,"endHours":12.722288356934774,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:43","end":"14:16","startHours":12.722288356934774,"endHours":14.263703401286067,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:16","end":"15:48","startHours":14.263703401286067,"endHours":15.805118445637362,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:48","end":"17:21","startHours":15.805118445637362,"endHours":17.346533489988655,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:21","end":"18:53","startHours":17.346533489988655,"endHours":18.887948534339948,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:53","end":"20:21","startHours":18.887948534339948,"endHours":20.346533489988655,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:21","end":"21:48","startHours":20.346533489988655,"endHours":21.805118445637362,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:48","end":"23:16","startHours":21.805118445637362,"endHours":23.263703401286065,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:16","end":"00:43","startHours":23.263703401286065,"endHours":24.722288356934776,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:43","end":"02:11","startHours":24.722288356934776,"endHours":26.18087331258348,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:11","end":"03:38","startHours":26.18087331258348,"endHours":27.639458268232186,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:38","end":"05:06","startHours":27.639458268232186,"endHours":29.098043223880893,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:06","end":"06:33","startHours":29.098043223880893,"endHours":30.5566281795296,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:33","end":"07:33","startHours":6.5566281795296,"endHours":7.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:33","end":"08:33","startHours":7.5566281795296,"endHours":8.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:33","end":"09:33","startHours":8.5566281795296,"endHours":9.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:33","end":"10:33","startHours":9.5566281795296,"endHours":10.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:33","end":"11:33","startHours":10.5566281795296,"endHours":11.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:33","end":"12:33","startHours":11.5566281795296,"endHours":12.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:33","end":"13:33","startHours":12.5566281795296,"endHours":13.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:33","end":"14:33","startHours":13.5566281795296,"endHours":14.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:33","end":"15:33","startHours":14.5566281795296,"endHours":15.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:33","end":"16:33","startHours":15.5566281795296,"endHours":16.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:33","end":"17:33","startHours":16.5566281795296,"endHours":17.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:33","end":"18:33","startHours":17.5566281795296,"endHours":18.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:33","end":"19:33","startHours":18.5566281795296,"endHours":19.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:33","end":"20:33","startHours":19.5566281795296,"endHours":20.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:33","end":"21:33","startHours":20.5566281795296,"endHours":21.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:33","end":"22:33","startHours":21.5566281795296,"endHours":22.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:33","end":"23:33","startHours":22.5566281795296,"endHours":23.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:33","end":"00:33","startHours":23.5566281795296,"endHours":24.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:33","end":"01:33","startHours":24.5566281795296,"endHours":25.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:33","end":"02:33","startHours":25.5566281795296,"endHours":26.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:33","end":"03:33","startHours":26.5566281795296,"endHours":27.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:33","end":"04:33","startHours":27.5566281795296,"endHours":28.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:33","end":"05:33","startHours":28.5566281795296,"endHours":29.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:33","end":"06:33","startHours":29.5566281795296,"endHours":30.5566281795296,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":4.094950538963431,"eotMinutes":-4.661701416086492,"ayanamsa":24.2196}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Caturdaśī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"surat"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 31, 2026 CE · Surat, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 31, 2026 CE for Surat, Gujarat: Śukla Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 06:33, sūryāsta 18:53.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2026-03-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2026-03-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2026-03-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2026-03-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2026-03-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T15:17:55.835Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T15:17:55.835Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-27T15:17:55.835Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}