{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:surat:2020-10-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2020-10-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2020-10-28","date_display":"October 28, 2020 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2020,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459150.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870685.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":190.1903,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":329.6122,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":139.4218,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.4218},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":329.6122,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.6122},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":159.8025},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2020,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459150.770833,"ahargana":1870685.2708,"kali_year":5122,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1439,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":190.939614,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":332.041614,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4958},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":352.632114,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":185.74831399999994,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":266.364814,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":155.57741399999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":271.868914,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":62.092,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":242.092,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2020,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459150.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870685.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":190.1903,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":329.6122,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":139.4218,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.4218},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":329.6122,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.6122},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":159.8025},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.496,"elongation":139.422},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.496,"opposition_distance":40.578}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"surat","name":"Surat, Gujarat","lat":21.1702,"lon":72.8311,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":13},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"surat","name":"Surat, Gujarat","lat":21.1702,"lon":72.8311,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":13},"sunriseLocal":"06:39","sunsetLocal":"18:05","solarNoonLocal":"12:22","dayLengthHours":11.427062914544075,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 25 Mins 37 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 34 Mins 23 Secs","moonriseLocal":"15:47","moonsetLocal":"03:47","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:22","end":"13:48","startHours":12.371200071008477,"endHours":13.799582935326486,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:05","end":"09:31","startHours":8.086051478054449,"endHours":9.514434342372457,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:57","end":"12:22","startHours":10.942817206690467,"endHours":12.371200071008477,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:19","end":"09:42","startHours":9.323983293796722,"endHours":9.704885390948192,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:08","end":"07:26","startHours":7.133796235175775,"endHours":7.43851791289695,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:45","startHours":11.990297973857007,"endHours":12.752102168159947,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:08","end":"05:54","startHours":5.134060225130562,"endHours":5.895864419433501,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:42","end":"06:39","startHours":5.705413370857766,"endHours":6.657668613736439,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:17","end":"15:02","startHours":14.275710556765823,"endHours":15.03751475106876,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:53","end":"18:17","startHours":17.884731528280515,"endHours":18.284731528280513,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:05","end":"18:34","startHours":18.084731528280514,"endHours":18.56085914971985,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:50","end":"19:35","startHours":17.834731528280514,"endHours":19.584731528280514,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:45","startHours":23.990297973857007,"endHours":24.752102168159947,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:39","end":"08:05","startHours":6.657668613736439,"endHours":8.086051478054449,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:05","end":"09:31","startHours":8.086051478054449,"endHours":9.514434342372457,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:31","end":"10:57","startHours":9.514434342372457,"endHours":10.942817206690467,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:57","end":"12:22","startHours":10.942817206690467,"endHours":12.371200071008477,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:22","end":"13:48","startHours":12.371200071008477,"endHours":13.799582935326486,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:48","end":"15:14","startHours":13.799582935326486,"endHours":15.227965799644496,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:14","end":"16:39","startHours":15.227965799644496,"endHours":16.656348663962504,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:39","end":"18:05","startHours":16.656348663962504,"endHours":18.084731528280514,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:05","end":"19:39","startHours":18.084731528280514,"endHours":19.656348663962504,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:39","end":"21:14","startHours":19.656348663962504,"endHours":21.227965799644494,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:14","end":"22:48","startHours":21.227965799644494,"endHours":22.799582935326484,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:48","end":"00:22","startHours":22.799582935326484,"endHours":24.371200071008477,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:22","end":"01:57","startHours":24.371200071008477,"endHours":25.942817206690467,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:57","end":"03:31","startHours":25.942817206690467,"endHours":27.514434342372457,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:31","end":"05:05","startHours":27.514434342372457,"endHours":29.08605147805445,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:05","end":"06:39","startHours":29.08605147805445,"endHours":30.65766861373644,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:39","end":"07:39","startHours":6.657668613736439,"endHours":7.657668613736439,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:39","end":"08:39","startHours":7.657668613736439,"endHours":8.657668613736439,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:39","end":"09:39","startHours":8.657668613736439,"endHours":9.657668613736439,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:39","end":"10:39","startHours":9.657668613736439,"endHours":10.657668613736439,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:39","end":"11:39","startHours":10.657668613736439,"endHours":11.657668613736439,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:39","end":"12:39","startHours":11.657668613736439,"endHours":12.657668613736439,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:39","end":"13:39","startHours":12.657668613736439,"endHours":13.657668613736439,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:39","end":"14:39","startHours":13.657668613736439,"endHours":14.657668613736439,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:39","end":"15:39","startHours":14.657668613736439,"endHours":15.657668613736439,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:39","end":"16:39","startHours":15.657668613736439,"endHours":16.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:39","end":"17:39","startHours":16.65766861373644,"endHours":17.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:39","end":"18:39","startHours":17.65766861373644,"endHours":18.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:39","end":"19:39","startHours":18.65766861373644,"endHours":19.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:39","end":"20:39","startHours":19.65766861373644,"endHours":20.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:39","end":"21:39","startHours":20.65766861373644,"endHours":21.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:39","end":"22:39","startHours":21.65766861373644,"endHours":22.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:39","end":"23:39","startHours":22.65766861373644,"endHours":23.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:39","end":"00:39","startHours":23.65766861373644,"endHours":24.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:39","end":"01:39","startHours":24.65766861373644,"endHours":25.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:39","end":"02:39","startHours":25.65766861373644,"endHours":26.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:39","end":"03:39","startHours":26.65766861373644,"endHours":27.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:39","end":"04:39","startHours":27.65766861373644,"endHours":28.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:39","end":"05:39","startHours":28.65766861373644,"endHours":29.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:39","end":"06:39","startHours":29.65766861373644,"endHours":30.65766861373644,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-13.214933474340476,"eotMinutes":16.40359573949132,"ayanamsa":24.1439}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2077,"vikram_samvatsara":"Pramādī","saka_samvat":1942,"saka_samvatsara":"Śārvarī","bengali_samvat":1427,"malayalam_era":1196,"nanakshahi_year":551,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram 2077 Pramādī · Śaka 1942 Śārvarī"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"surat"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 28, 2020 CE · Surat, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 28, 2020 CE for Surat, Gujarat: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:39, sūryāsta 18:05.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2020-10-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2020-10-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2020-10-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2020-10-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2020-10-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T13:17:39.952Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T13:17:39.952Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T13:17:39.952Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}