{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:surat:2009-12-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2009-12-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2009-12-28","date_display":"December 28, 2009 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2009,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455193.770833,"kali_year":5111,"ahargana":1866728.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.1383,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":23.2289,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":131.0907,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.0907},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":23.2289,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.8956},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":275.3672},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":21,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2009,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455193.770833,"ahargana":1866728.2708,"kali_year":5111,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.9926,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.4325,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":21.864800000000002,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.187},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":115.185,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":267.5575,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":301.84090000000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":248.75310000000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":160.17610000000002,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":271.7529,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":91.7529,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2009,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455193.770833,"kali_year":5111,"ahargana":1866728.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.1383,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":23.2289,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":131.0907,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.0907},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":23.2289,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.8956},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":275.3672},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":21,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.187,"elongation":131.091},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.187,"opposition_distance":48.909}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":4,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.039,"opposition_distance":1.922},{"offset_days":18,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.153,"elongation":1.79}]},"city":{"slug":"surat","name":"Surat, Gujarat","lat":21.1702,"lon":72.8311,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":13},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"surat","name":"Surat, Gujarat","lat":21.1702,"lon":72.8311,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":13},"sunriseLocal":"07:15","sunsetLocal":"18:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:41","dayLengthHours":10.852371315501161,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 51 Mins 09 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 08 Mins 51 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:49","moonsetLocal":"03:47","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:36","end":"09:58","startHours":8.606405831091854,"endHours":9.962952245529499,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:19","end":"12:41","startHours":11.319498659967145,"endHours":12.67604507440479,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:02","end":"15:23","startHours":14.032591488842435,"endHours":15.38913790328008,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:47","end":"10:09","startHours":9.782079390271146,"endHours":10.14382510078785,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:42","end":"07:59","startHours":7.702041554800091,"endHours":7.991438123213455,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:19","end":"13:02","startHours":12.314299363888084,"endHours":13.037790784921496,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:48","end":"06:32","startHours":5.802876574587387,"endHours":6.526367995620798,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:21","end":"07:15","startHours":6.345495140362445,"endHours":7.249859416654209,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:29","end":"15:12","startHours":14.484773626988316,"endHours":15.208265048021726,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:54","end":"18:18","startHours":17.90223073215537,"endHours":18.30223073215537,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:06","end":"18:33","startHours":18.10223073215537,"endHours":18.554412870301253,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:51","end":"19:36","startHours":17.85223073215537,"endHours":19.60223073215537,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:19","end":"01:02","startHours":24.314299363888086,"endHours":25.037790784921494,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:15","end":"08:36","startHours":7.249859416654209,"endHours":8.606405831091854,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:36","end":"09:58","startHours":8.606405831091854,"endHours":9.962952245529499,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:58","end":"11:19","startHours":9.962952245529499,"endHours":11.319498659967145,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:19","end":"12:41","startHours":11.319498659967145,"endHours":12.67604507440479,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:41","end":"14:02","startHours":12.67604507440479,"endHours":14.032591488842435,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:02","end":"15:23","startHours":14.032591488842435,"endHours":15.38913790328008,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:23","end":"16:45","startHours":15.38913790328008,"endHours":16.745684317717725,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:45","end":"18:06","startHours":16.745684317717725,"endHours":18.10223073215537,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:06","end":"19:45","startHours":18.10223073215537,"endHours":19.745684317717725,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:45","end":"21:23","startHours":19.745684317717725,"endHours":21.38913790328008,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:23","end":"23:02","startHours":21.38913790328008,"endHours":23.032591488842435,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:02","end":"00:41","startHours":23.032591488842435,"endHours":24.67604507440479,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:41","end":"02:19","startHours":24.67604507440479,"endHours":26.319498659967145,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:19","end":"03:58","startHours":26.319498659967145,"endHours":27.9629522455295,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:58","end":"05:36","startHours":27.9629522455295,"endHours":29.606405831091855,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:36","end":"07:15","startHours":29.606405831091855,"endHours":31.24985941665421,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:15","end":"08:15","startHours":7.249859416654209,"endHours":8.249859416654209,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:15","end":"09:15","startHours":8.249859416654209,"endHours":9.249859416654209,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:15","end":"10:15","startHours":9.249859416654209,"endHours":10.249859416654209,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:15","end":"11:15","startHours":10.249859416654209,"endHours":11.249859416654209,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:15","end":"12:15","startHours":11.249859416654209,"endHours":12.249859416654209,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:15","end":"13:15","startHours":12.249859416654209,"endHours":13.249859416654209,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:15","end":"14:15","startHours":13.249859416654209,"endHours":14.249859416654209,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:15","end":"15:15","startHours":14.249859416654209,"endHours":15.249859416654209,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:15","end":"16:15","startHours":15.249859416654209,"endHours":16.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:15","end":"17:15","startHours":16.24985941665421,"endHours":17.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:15","end":"18:15","startHours":17.24985941665421,"endHours":18.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:15","end":"19:15","startHours":18.24985941665421,"endHours":19.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:15","end":"20:15","startHours":19.24985941665421,"endHours":20.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:15","end":"21:15","startHours":20.24985941665421,"endHours":21.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:15","end":"22:15","startHours":21.24985941665421,"endHours":22.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:15","end":"23:15","startHours":22.24985941665421,"endHours":23.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:15","end":"00:15","startHours":23.24985941665421,"endHours":24.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:15","end":"01:15","startHours":24.24985941665421,"endHours":25.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:15","end":"02:15","startHours":25.24985941665421,"endHours":26.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:15","end":"03:15","startHours":26.24985941665421,"endHours":27.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:15","end":"04:15","startHours":27.24985941665421,"endHours":28.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:15","end":"05:15","startHours":28.24985941665421,"endHours":29.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:15","end":"06:15","startHours":29.24985941665421,"endHours":30.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:15","end":"07:15","startHours":30.24985941665421,"endHours":31.24985941665421,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.280587570279707,"eotMinutes":-1.8871044642874448,"ayanamsa":23.9926}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2066,"vikram_samvatsara":"Śubhakṛt","saka_samvat":1931,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhi","bengali_samvat":1416,"malayalam_era":1185,"nanakshahi_year":540,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Ekādaśī · Vikram 2066 Śubhakṛt · Śaka 1931 Virodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"putrada-ekadashi","name":"Pauṣa Putradā Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"पौष पुत्रदा एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Ekādaśī granting putra-prāpti.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Pauṣa"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7, 6.34-35.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk","steps":[{"label":"BG 6.5","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/5","purpose":"Lift the self by the Self; begin the walk with inner responsibility."},{"label":"BG 6.6","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/6","purpose":"See the mind as friend when mastered and enemy when unmastered."},{"label":"BG 6.7","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/7","purpose":"Stabilize the conquered mind in heat/cold, honor/dishonor, pleasure/pain."},{"label":"BG 6.34","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/34","purpose":"Name the restless mind honestly before trying to discipline it."},{"label":"BG 6.35","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/35","purpose":"Complete with abhyāsa and vairāgya: practice and detachment."}]},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Pauṣa Putradā Ekādaśī · Ekādaśī is not live yet; Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"surat"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 28, 2009 CE · Surat, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 28, 2009 CE for Surat, Gujarat: Śukla Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 07:15, sūryāsta 18:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2009-12-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2009-12-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2009-12-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2009-12-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2009-12-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T12:12:08.240Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T12:12:08.240Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T12:12:08.240Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}