{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:surat:2002-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2002-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452639.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864174.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.0284,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":220.0358,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.0074,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0074},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":220.0358,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7025},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":115.0642},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452639.770833,"ahargana":1864174.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8949,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.28068200000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":218.528282,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.551},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":205.03898200000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":273.978782,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":112.97558200000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":208.788182,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":60.509882000000005,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":47.0761,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":227.0761,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452639.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864174.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.0284,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":220.0358,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.0074,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0074},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":220.0358,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7025},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":115.0642},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.551,"elongation":34.993},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.551,"opposition_distance":145.007}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-11,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.434,"opposition_distance":2.531}]},"city":{"slug":"surat","name":"Surat, Gujarat","lat":21.1702,"lon":72.8311,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":13},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"surat","name":"Surat, Gujarat","lat":21.1702,"lon":72.8311,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":13},"sunriseLocal":"07:16","sunsetLocal":"18:08","solarNoonLocal":"12:42","dayLengthHours":10.862196961989131,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 51 Mins 44 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 08 Mins 16 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:46","moonsetLocal":"15:44","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:25","end":"16:46","startHours":15.414413155894039,"endHours":16.77218777614268,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:59","end":"11:20","startHours":9.983314674899473,"endHours":11.341089295148116,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:42","end":"14:03","startHours":12.698863915396757,"endHours":14.056638535645398,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:48","end":"10:10","startHours":9.802278058866321,"endHours":10.164351290932625,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:43","end":"08:01","startHours":7.720356974485071,"endHours":8.010015560138115,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:20","end":"13:04","startHours":12.33679068333045,"endHours":13.06093714746306,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:49","end":"06:33","startHours":5.819472506136973,"endHours":6.5436189702695815,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:22","end":"07:16","startHours":6.362582354236429,"endHours":7.2677654344021905,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:31","end":"15:14","startHours":14.50923007572828,"endHours":15.233376539860888,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:56","end":"18:20","startHours":17.92996239639132,"endHours":18.32996239639132,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:08","end":"18:35","startHours":18.12996239639132,"endHours":18.582553936474202,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:53","end":"19:38","startHours":17.87996239639132,"endHours":19.62996239639132,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:20","end":"01:04","startHours":24.336790683330452,"endHours":25.06093714746306,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"07:16","end":"08:38","startHours":7.2677654344021905,"endHours":8.625540054650832,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:38","end":"09:59","startHours":8.625540054650832,"endHours":9.983314674899473,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:59","end":"11:20","startHours":9.983314674899473,"endHours":11.341089295148116,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:20","end":"12:42","startHours":11.341089295148116,"endHours":12.698863915396757,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:42","end":"14:03","startHours":12.698863915396757,"endHours":14.056638535645398,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:03","end":"15:25","startHours":14.056638535645398,"endHours":15.414413155894039,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:25","end":"16:46","startHours":15.414413155894039,"endHours":16.77218777614268,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:46","end":"18:08","startHours":16.77218777614268,"endHours":18.12996239639132,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:08","end":"19:46","startHours":18.12996239639132,"endHours":19.77218777614268,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:46","end":"21:25","startHours":19.77218777614268,"endHours":21.41441315589404,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:25","end":"23:03","startHours":21.41441315589404,"endHours":23.056638535645398,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:03","end":"00:42","startHours":23.056638535645398,"endHours":24.698863915396757,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:42","end":"02:20","startHours":24.698863915396757,"endHours":26.341089295148116,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:20","end":"03:59","startHours":26.341089295148116,"endHours":27.98331467489947,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:59","end":"05:38","startHours":27.98331467489947,"endHours":29.62554005465083,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:38","end":"07:16","startHours":29.62554005465083,"endHours":31.26776543440219,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:16","end":"08:16","startHours":7.2677654344021905,"endHours":8.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:16","end":"09:16","startHours":8.26776543440219,"endHours":9.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:16","end":"10:16","startHours":9.26776543440219,"endHours":10.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:16","end":"11:16","startHours":10.26776543440219,"endHours":11.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:16","end":"12:16","startHours":11.26776543440219,"endHours":12.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:16","end":"13:16","startHours":12.26776543440219,"endHours":13.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:16","end":"14:16","startHours":13.26776543440219,"endHours":14.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:16","end":"15:16","startHours":14.26776543440219,"endHours":15.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:16","end":"16:16","startHours":15.26776543440219,"endHours":16.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:16","end":"17:16","startHours":16.26776543440219,"endHours":17.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:16","end":"18:16","startHours":17.26776543440219,"endHours":18.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:16","end":"19:16","startHours":18.26776543440219,"endHours":19.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:16","end":"20:16","startHours":19.26776543440219,"endHours":20.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:16","end":"21:16","startHours":20.26776543440219,"endHours":21.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:16","end":"22:16","startHours":21.26776543440219,"endHours":22.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:16","end":"23:16","startHours":22.26776543440219,"endHours":23.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:16","end":"00:16","startHours":23.26776543440219,"endHours":24.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:16","end":"01:16","startHours":24.26776543440219,"endHours":25.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:16","end":"02:16","startHours":25.26776543440219,"endHours":26.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:16","end":"03:16","startHours":26.26776543440219,"endHours":27.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:16","end":"04:16","startHours":27.26776543440219,"endHours":28.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:16","end":"05:16","startHours":28.26776543440219,"endHours":29.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:16","end":"06:16","startHours":29.26776543440219,"endHours":30.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:16","end":"07:16","startHours":30.26776543440219,"endHours":31.26776543440219,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.11906738150762,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":23.8949}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Pradoṣa Vrata is not live yet; Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"surat"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 2002 CE · Surat, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 2002 CE for Surat, Gujarat: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 07:16, sūryāsta 18:08.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2002-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2002-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2002-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2002-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/surat/2002-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T06:21:04.373Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T06:21:04.373Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T06:21:04.373Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}