{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:singapore:2025-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/singapore/2025-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460676.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872211.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.3725,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":269.099,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":12.7264,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.7264},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":269.099,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.4323},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":165.4715},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460676.770833,"ahargana":1872211.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2023,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.66541000000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":270.31071,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.2827},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":97.33711,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":235.26891,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":48.970309999999984,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":303.21421,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":320.42381,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":341.2372,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":161.2372,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460676.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872211.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.3725,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":269.099,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":12.7264,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.7264},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":269.099,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.4323},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":165.4715},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.283,"elongation":12.726},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.283,"opposition_distance":167.274}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"singapore","name":"Singapore","lat":1.3521,"lon":103.8198,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"SG","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"singapore","name":"Singapore","lat":1.3521,"lon":103.8198,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"SG","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:07","sunsetLocal":"19:10","solarNoonLocal":"13:08","dayLengthHours":12.044172656516132,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 02 Mins 39 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 57 Mins 21 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:03","moonsetLocal":"20:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:08","end":"14:39","startHours":13.140432972056601,"endHours":14.645954554121118,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:37","end":"10:08","startHours":8.623868225863053,"endHours":10.129389807927568,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:38","end":"13:08","startHours":11.634911389992084,"endHours":13.140432972056601,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:56","end":"10:20","startHours":9.928653596985633,"endHours":10.330126018869503,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:37","end":"07:56","startHours":7.620187171153374,"endHours":7.94136510866047,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:44","end":"13:33","startHours":12.73896055017273,"endHours":13.541905393940473,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:31","end":"06:19","startHours":5.512456956263051,"endHours":6.315401800030793,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:07","end":"07:07","startHours":6.114665589088857,"endHours":7.118346643798535,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"15:09","end":"15:57","startHours":15.147795081475957,"endHours":15.950739925243699,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:58","end":"19:22","startHours":18.962519300314668,"endHours":19.362519300314666,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:10","end":"19:40","startHours":19.162519300314667,"endHours":19.664359827669507,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:55","end":"20:40","startHours":18.912519300314667,"endHours":20.662519300314667,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:44","end":"01:33","startHours":24.73896055017273,"endHours":25.54190539394047,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"07:07","end":"08:37","startHours":7.118346643798535,"endHours":8.623868225863053,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:37","end":"10:08","startHours":8.623868225863053,"endHours":10.129389807927568,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:08","end":"11:38","startHours":10.129389807927568,"endHours":11.634911389992084,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:38","end":"13:08","startHours":11.634911389992084,"endHours":13.140432972056601,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:08","end":"14:39","startHours":13.140432972056601,"endHours":14.645954554121118,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:39","end":"16:09","startHours":14.645954554121118,"endHours":16.151476136185636,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:09","end":"17:39","startHours":16.151476136185636,"endHours":17.65699771825015,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:39","end":"19:10","startHours":17.65699771825015,"endHours":19.162519300314667,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:10","end":"20:39","startHours":19.162519300314667,"endHours":20.65699771825015,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:39","end":"22:09","startHours":20.65699771825015,"endHours":22.151476136185636,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:09","end":"23:39","startHours":22.151476136185636,"endHours":23.64595455412112,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:39","end":"01:08","startHours":23.64595455412112,"endHours":25.1404329720566,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:08","end":"02:38","startHours":25.1404329720566,"endHours":26.634911389992084,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:38","end":"04:08","startHours":26.634911389992084,"endHours":28.129389807927566,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:08","end":"05:37","startHours":28.129389807927566,"endHours":29.623868225863053,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:37","end":"07:07","startHours":29.623868225863053,"endHours":31.118346643798535,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:07","end":"08:07","startHours":7.118346643798535,"endHours":8.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:07","end":"09:07","startHours":8.118346643798535,"endHours":9.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:07","end":"10:07","startHours":9.118346643798535,"endHours":10.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:07","end":"11:07","startHours":10.118346643798535,"endHours":11.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:07","end":"12:07","startHours":11.118346643798535,"endHours":12.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:07","end":"13:07","startHours":12.118346643798535,"endHours":13.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:07","end":"14:07","startHours":13.118346643798535,"endHours":14.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:07","end":"15:07","startHours":14.118346643798535,"endHours":15.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:07","end":"16:07","startHours":15.118346643798535,"endHours":16.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:07","end":"17:07","startHours":16.118346643798535,"endHours":17.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:07","end":"18:07","startHours":17.118346643798535,"endHours":18.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:07","end":"19:07","startHours":18.118346643798535,"endHours":19.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:07","end":"20:07","startHours":19.118346643798535,"endHours":20.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:07","end":"21:07","startHours":20.118346643798535,"endHours":21.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:07","end":"22:07","startHours":21.118346643798535,"endHours":22.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:07","end":"23:07","startHours":22.118346643798535,"endHours":23.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:07","end":"00:07","startHours":23.118346643798535,"endHours":24.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:07","end":"01:07","startHours":24.118346643798535,"endHours":25.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:07","end":"02:07","startHours":25.118346643798535,"endHours":26.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:07","end":"03:07","startHours":26.118346643798535,"endHours":27.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:07","end":"04:07","startHours":27.118346643798535,"endHours":28.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:07","end":"05:07","startHours":28.118346643798535,"endHours":29.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:07","end":"06:07","startHours":29.118346643798535,"endHours":30.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:07","end":"07:07","startHours":30.118346643798535,"endHours":31.118346643798535,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-22.991787207427947,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":24.2023}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"singapore"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2025 CE · Singapore · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2025 CE for Singapore: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 07:07, sūryāsta 19:10.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/singapore/2025-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/singapore/2025-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/singapore/2025-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/singapore/2025-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/singapore/2025-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-26T23:59:19.291Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-26T23:59:19.291Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-26T23:59:19.291Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}