{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2027-02-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2027-02-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2027-02-28","date_display":"February 28, 2027 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2027,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461464.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872999.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.0647,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":221.2971,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":266.2324,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.2324},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":221.2971,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9637},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":176.3617},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2027,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461464.770833,"ahargana":1872999.2708,"kali_year":5128,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2324,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":314.97890200000006,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":223.115502,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4045},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":122.852802,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":297.014002,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":115.40680199999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":273.910702,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":348.797702,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":299.4851,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":119.4851,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2027,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461464.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872999.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.0647,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":221.2971,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":266.2324,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.2324},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":221.2971,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9637},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":176.3617},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.405,"elongation":93.768},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.405,"opposition_distance":86.232}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-7,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.791,"opposition_distance":1.992}]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:34","sunsetLocal":"18:27","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":11.889667647267999,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 53 Mins 23 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 06 Mins 37 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:39","moonsetLocal":"12:07","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:58","end":"18:27","startHours":16.96927634815929,"endHours":18.45548480406779,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:31","end":"14:00","startHours":12.510650980433791,"endHours":13.996859436342291,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:29","end":"16:58","startHours":15.48306789225079,"endHours":16.96927634815929,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:20","end":"09:44","startHours":9.340072941162326,"endHours":9.736395196071259,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:04","end":"07:23","startHours":7.061219975435959,"endHours":7.378277779363105,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:54","startHours":12.114328725524858,"endHours":12.906973235342724,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:59","end":"05:46","startHours":4.980528137164059,"endHours":5.7731726469819264,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:35","end":"06:34","startHours":5.575011519527459,"endHours":6.565817156799793,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:30","end":"15:17","startHours":14.49226225497846,"endHours":15.284906764796327,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:15","end":"18:39","startHours":18.25548480406779,"endHours":18.65548480406779,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:27","end":"18:57","startHours":18.45548480406779,"endHours":18.950887622703956,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:12","end":"19:57","startHours":18.20548480406779,"endHours":19.95548480406779,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:54","startHours":24.114328725524857,"endHours":24.906973235342726,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:34","end":"08:03","startHours":6.565817156799793,"endHours":8.052025612708292,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:03","end":"09:32","startHours":8.052025612708292,"endHours":9.538234068616791,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:32","end":"11:01","startHours":9.538234068616791,"endHours":11.024442524525291,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:01","end":"12:31","startHours":11.024442524525291,"endHours":12.510650980433791,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:31","end":"14:00","startHours":12.510650980433791,"endHours":13.996859436342291,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:00","end":"15:29","startHours":13.996859436342291,"endHours":15.48306789225079,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:29","end":"16:58","startHours":15.48306789225079,"endHours":16.96927634815929,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:58","end":"18:27","startHours":16.96927634815929,"endHours":18.45548480406779,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:27","end":"19:58","startHours":18.45548480406779,"endHours":19.96927634815929,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:58","end":"21:29","startHours":19.96927634815929,"endHours":21.48306789225079,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:29","end":"23:00","startHours":21.48306789225079,"endHours":22.99685943634229,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:00","end":"00:31","startHours":22.99685943634229,"endHours":24.51065098043379,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:31","end":"02:01","startHours":24.51065098043379,"endHours":26.02444252452529,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:01","end":"03:32","startHours":26.02444252452529,"endHours":27.53823406861679,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:32","end":"05:03","startHours":27.53823406861679,"endHours":29.05202561270829,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:03","end":"06:34","startHours":29.05202561270829,"endHours":30.565817156799792,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:34","end":"07:34","startHours":6.565817156799793,"endHours":7.565817156799793,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:34","end":"08:34","startHours":7.565817156799793,"endHours":8.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:34","end":"09:34","startHours":8.565817156799792,"endHours":9.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:34","end":"10:34","startHours":9.565817156799792,"endHours":10.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:34","end":"11:34","startHours":10.565817156799792,"endHours":11.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:34","end":"12:34","startHours":11.565817156799792,"endHours":12.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:34","end":"13:34","startHours":12.565817156799792,"endHours":13.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:34","end":"14:34","startHours":13.565817156799792,"endHours":14.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:34","end":"15:34","startHours":14.565817156799792,"endHours":15.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:34","end":"16:34","startHours":15.565817156799792,"endHours":16.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:34","end":"17:34","startHours":16.565817156799792,"endHours":17.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:34","end":"18:34","startHours":17.565817156799792,"endHours":18.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:34","end":"19:34","startHours":18.565817156799792,"endHours":19.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:34","end":"20:34","startHours":19.565817156799792,"endHours":20.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:34","end":"21:34","startHours":20.565817156799792,"endHours":21.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:34","end":"22:34","startHours":21.565817156799792,"endHours":22.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:34","end":"23:34","startHours":22.565817156799792,"endHours":23.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:34","end":"00:34","startHours":23.565817156799792,"endHours":24.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:34","end":"01:34","startHours":24.565817156799792,"endHours":25.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:34","end":"02:34","startHours":25.565817156799792,"endHours":26.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:34","end":"03:34","startHours":26.565817156799792,"endHours":27.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:34","end":"04:34","startHours":27.565817156799792,"endHours":28.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:34","end":"05:34","startHours":28.565817156799792,"endHours":29.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:34","end":"06:34","startHours":29.565817156799792,"endHours":30.565817156799792,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-8.115220298126399,"eotMinutes":-13.223058826027486,"ayanamsa":24.2324}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2084,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raudra","saka_samvat":1949,"saka_samvatsara":"Plavaṅga","bengali_samvat":1434,"malayalam_era":1203,"nanakshahi_year":558,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_amanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2084 Raudra · Śaka 1949 Plavaṅga"},"festivals":[{"id":"sitashtami","name":"Sītāṣṭamī","name_sanskrit":"सीताष्टमी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Sītā Devī","significance":"Birth-anniversary of Sītā per Phālguna-Kṛṣṇa-Aṣṭamī tradition.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":23,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Phālguna"},"precedence":3}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Sītāṣṭamī is not live yet; Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga February 28, 2027 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"February 28, 2027 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 06:34, sūryāsta 18:27.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2027-02-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2027-02-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2027-02-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2027-02-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2027-02-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-21T01:26:55.148Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-21T01:26:55.148Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-21T01:26:55.148Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}