{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2026-01-08:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2026-01-08","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-01-08","date_display":"January 8, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":1,"day":8,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461048.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872583.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":263.3029,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":142.1328,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":238.8299,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.8299},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":142.1328,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7994},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":45.4356},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":1,"day":8,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461048.770833,"ahargana":1872583.2708,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2165,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":263.53789600000005,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":143.53929599999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.0475},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":263.5023960000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":254.991896,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":86.05769599999996,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":263.518196,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":332.48579599999994,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":321.5268,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":141.5268,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":1,"day":8,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461048.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872583.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":263.3029,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":142.1328,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":238.8299,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.8299},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":142.1328,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7994},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":45.4356},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.048,"elongation":121.17},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.048,"opposition_distance":58.83}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:40","sunsetLocal":"18:08","solarNoonLocal":"12:24","dayLengthHours":11.476642599740526,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 28 Mins 36 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 31 Mins 24 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:18","moonsetLocal":"10:31","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:50","end":"15:16","startHours":13.836542885523023,"endHours":15.271123210490586,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:40","end":"08:06","startHours":6.663641260685194,"endHours":8.098221585652759,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:32","end":"10:58","startHours":9.532801910620325,"endHours":10.967382235587891,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:20","end":"09:43","startHours":9.341524533957983,"endHours":9.724079287282667,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:09","end":"07:27","startHours":7.141834702341049,"endHours":7.447878505000796,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:01","end":"12:47","startHours":12.019407807230772,"endHours":12.784517313880139,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:08","end":"05:54","startHours":5.133422247386457,"endHours":5.898531754035825,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:42","end":"06:40","startHours":5.707254377373483,"endHours":6.663641260685194,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:19","end":"15:05","startHours":14.314736327178878,"endHours":15.079845833828246,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:56","end":"18:20","startHours":17.94028386042572,"endHours":18.340283860425718,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:08","end":"18:37","startHours":18.14028386042572,"endHours":18.618477302081573,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:53","end":"19:38","startHours":17.89028386042572,"endHours":19.64028386042572,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:01","end":"00:47","startHours":24.01940780723077,"endHours":24.784517313880137,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:40","end":"08:06","startHours":6.663641260685194,"endHours":8.098221585652759,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:06","end":"09:32","startHours":8.098221585652759,"endHours":9.532801910620325,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:32","end":"10:58","startHours":9.532801910620325,"endHours":10.967382235587891,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:58","end":"12:24","startHours":10.967382235587891,"endHours":12.401962560555457,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:24","end":"13:50","startHours":12.401962560555457,"endHours":13.836542885523023,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:50","end":"15:16","startHours":13.836542885523023,"endHours":15.271123210490586,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:16","end":"16:42","startHours":15.271123210490586,"endHours":16.705703535458152,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:42","end":"18:08","startHours":16.705703535458152,"endHours":18.14028386042572,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:08","end":"19:42","startHours":18.14028386042572,"endHours":19.705703535458152,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:42","end":"21:16","startHours":19.705703535458152,"endHours":21.271123210490586,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:16","end":"22:50","startHours":21.271123210490586,"endHours":22.836542885523023,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:50","end":"00:24","startHours":22.836542885523023,"endHours":24.401962560555454,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:24","end":"01:58","startHours":24.401962560555454,"endHours":25.96738223558789,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:58","end":"03:32","startHours":25.96738223558789,"endHours":27.532801910620325,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:32","end":"05:06","startHours":27.532801910620325,"endHours":29.09822158565276,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:06","end":"06:40","startHours":29.09822158565276,"endHours":30.663641260685193,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:40","end":"07:40","startHours":6.663641260685194,"endHours":7.663641260685194,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:40","end":"08:40","startHours":7.663641260685194,"endHours":8.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:40","end":"09:40","startHours":8.663641260685193,"endHours":9.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:40","end":"10:40","startHours":9.663641260685193,"endHours":10.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:40","end":"11:40","startHours":10.663641260685193,"endHours":11.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:40","end":"12:40","startHours":11.663641260685193,"endHours":12.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:40","end":"13:40","startHours":12.663641260685193,"endHours":13.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:40","end":"14:40","startHours":13.663641260685193,"endHours":14.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:40","end":"15:40","startHours":14.663641260685193,"endHours":15.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:40","end":"16:40","startHours":15.663641260685193,"endHours":16.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:40","end":"17:40","startHours":16.663641260685193,"endHours":17.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:40","end":"18:40","startHours":17.663641260685193,"endHours":18.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:40","end":"19:40","startHours":18.663641260685193,"endHours":19.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:40","end":"20:40","startHours":19.663641260685193,"endHours":20.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:40","end":"21:40","startHours":20.663641260685193,"endHours":21.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:40","end":"22:40","startHours":21.663641260685193,"endHours":22.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:40","end":"23:40","startHours":22.663641260685193,"endHours":23.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:40","end":"00:40","startHours":23.663641260685193,"endHours":24.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:40","end":"01:40","startHours":24.663641260685193,"endHours":25.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:40","end":"02:40","startHours":25.663641260685193,"endHours":26.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:40","end":"03:40","startHours":26.663641260685193,"endHours":27.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:40","end":"04:40","startHours":27.663641260685193,"endHours":28.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:40","end":"05:40","startHours":28.663641260685193,"endHours":29.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:40","end":"06:40","startHours":29.663641260685193,"endHours":30.663641260685193,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-22.258716755383187,"eotMinutes":-6.7017536333273355,"ayanamsa":24.2165}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 8, 2026 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 8, 2026 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:40, sūryāsta 18:08.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2026-01-08","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2026-01-08","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2026-01-08","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2026-01-08","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2026-01-08"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T07:53:58.416Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T07:53:58.416Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-26T07:53:58.416Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}