{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2023-05-03:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2023-05-03","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-05-03","date_display":"May 3, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":5,"day":3,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460067.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871602.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":18.1938,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":164.8974,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":146.7036,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.7036},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2,"moon_longitude":164.8974,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8974},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":183.0912},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":5,"day":3,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460067.770833,"ahargana":1871602.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.179,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":18.195078000000024,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":165.66987799999993,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.1529},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":85.62557800000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":16.30367799999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":2.663977999999986,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":60.48947799999996,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":311.450778,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":13.5049,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":193.5049,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":5,"day":3,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460067.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871602.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":18.1938,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":164.8974,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":146.7036,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.7036},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2,"moon_longitude":164.8974,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8974},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":183.0912},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.153,"elongation":146.704},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.153,"opposition_distance":33.296}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-13,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.673,"elongation":0.011},{"offset_days":3,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.836,"opposition_distance":2.976}]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:58","sunsetLocal":"18:31","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":12.557018192065776,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 33 Mins 25 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 26 Mins 35 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:05","moonsetLocal":"04:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:14","end":"13:48","startHours":12.237690192024647,"endHours":13.80731746603287,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:32","end":"09:06","startHours":7.5288083699999815,"endHours":9.098435644008203,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:40","end":"12:14","startHours":10.668062918016425,"endHours":12.237690192024647,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:18","startHours":8.889152007473774,"endHours":9.307719280542633,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:29","end":"06:49","startHours":6.482390187327834,"endHours":6.817244005782921,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:49","end":"12:39","startHours":11.819122918955788,"endHours":12.656257465093507,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:17","end":"05:07","startHours":4.284912003716323,"endHours":5.122046549854041,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:55","end":"05:58","startHours":4.912762913319611,"endHours":5.9591810959917595,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:20","end":"15:10","startHours":14.330526557368945,"endHours":15.167661103506664,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:19","end":"18:43","startHours":18.316199288057536,"endHours":18.716199288057535,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:31","end":"19:02","startHours":18.516199288057535,"endHours":19.03940837939361,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:16","end":"20:01","startHours":18.266199288057535,"endHours":20.016199288057535,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:49","end":"00:39","startHours":23.819122918955788,"endHours":24.656257465093507,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:58","end":"07:32","startHours":5.9591810959917595,"endHours":7.5288083699999815,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:32","end":"09:06","startHours":7.5288083699999815,"endHours":9.098435644008203,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:06","end":"10:40","startHours":9.098435644008203,"endHours":10.668062918016425,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:40","end":"12:14","startHours":10.668062918016425,"endHours":12.237690192024647,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:14","end":"13:48","startHours":12.237690192024647,"endHours":13.80731746603287,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:48","end":"15:23","startHours":13.80731746603287,"endHours":15.376944740041091,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:23","end":"16:57","startHours":15.376944740041091,"endHours":16.946572014049313,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:57","end":"18:31","startHours":16.946572014049313,"endHours":18.516199288057535,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:31","end":"19:57","startHours":18.516199288057535,"endHours":19.946572014049313,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:57","end":"21:23","startHours":19.946572014049313,"endHours":21.37694474004109,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:23","end":"22:48","startHours":21.37694474004109,"endHours":22.80731746603287,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:48","end":"00:14","startHours":22.80731746603287,"endHours":24.237690192024647,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:14","end":"01:40","startHours":24.237690192024647,"endHours":25.668062918016425,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:40","end":"03:06","startHours":25.668062918016425,"endHours":27.098435644008205,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:06","end":"04:32","startHours":27.098435644008205,"endHours":28.528808369999982,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:32","end":"05:58","startHours":28.528808369999982,"endHours":29.95918109599176,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:58","end":"06:58","startHours":5.9591810959917595,"endHours":6.9591810959917595,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:58","end":"07:58","startHours":6.9591810959917595,"endHours":7.9591810959917595,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:58","end":"08:58","startHours":7.9591810959917595,"endHours":8.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:58","end":"09:58","startHours":8.95918109599176,"endHours":9.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:58","end":"10:58","startHours":9.95918109599176,"endHours":10.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:58","end":"11:58","startHours":10.95918109599176,"endHours":11.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:58","end":"12:58","startHours":11.95918109599176,"endHours":12.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:58","end":"13:58","startHours":12.95918109599176,"endHours":13.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:58","end":"14:58","startHours":13.95918109599176,"endHours":14.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:58","end":"15:58","startHours":14.95918109599176,"endHours":15.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:58","end":"16:58","startHours":15.95918109599176,"endHours":16.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:58","end":"17:58","startHours":16.95918109599176,"endHours":17.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:58","end":"18:58","startHours":17.95918109599176,"endHours":18.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:58","end":"19:58","startHours":18.95918109599176,"endHours":19.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:58","end":"20:58","startHours":19.95918109599176,"endHours":20.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:58","end":"21:58","startHours":20.95918109599176,"endHours":21.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:58","end":"22:58","startHours":21.95918109599176,"endHours":22.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:58","end":"23:58","startHours":22.95918109599176,"endHours":23.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:58","end":"00:58","startHours":23.95918109599176,"endHours":24.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:58","end":"01:58","startHours":24.95918109599176,"endHours":25.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:58","end":"02:58","startHours":25.95918109599176,"endHours":26.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:58","end":"03:58","startHours":26.95918109599176,"endHours":27.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:58","end":"04:58","startHours":27.95918109599176,"endHours":28.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:58","end":"05:58","startHours":28.95918109599176,"endHours":29.95918109599176,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":15.548801025631306,"eotMinutes":3.154588478521171,"ayanamsa":24.179}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Trayodaśī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Pradoṣa Vrata is not live yet; Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 3, 2023 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 3, 2023 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Śukla Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:58, sūryāsta 18:31.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2023-05-03","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2023-05-03","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2023-05-03","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2023-05-03","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2023-05-03"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T20:15:24.196Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T20:15:24.196Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-27T20:15:24.196Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}