{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2017-07-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2017-07-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2017-07-16","date_display":"July 16, 2017 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":7,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457950.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869485.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":89.147,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":352.5072,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":263.3603,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.3603},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":352.5072,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8406},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":81.6542},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2017,"month":7,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457950.770833,"ahargana":1869485.2708,"kali_year":5119,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.098,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":89.62426299999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":349.875963,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.2806},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":92.780463,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":112.485163,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":170.65816300000006,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":47.896163,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":238.16506299999992,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":125.6738,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":305.6738,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":7,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457950.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869485.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":89.147,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":352.5072,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":263.3603,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.3603},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":352.5072,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8406},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":81.6542},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.281,"elongation":96.64},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.281,"opposition_distance":83.36}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:01","sunsetLocal":"18:45","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":12.739507003025174,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 44 Mins 22 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 15 Mins 38 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:37","moonsetLocal":"11:51","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:10","end":"18:45","startHours":17.162294136405723,"endHours":18.75473251178387,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:23","end":"13:59","startHours":12.384979010271284,"endHours":13.97741738564943,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:34","end":"17:10","startHours":15.569855761027576,"endHours":17.162294136405723,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:59","end":"09:25","startHours":8.987777142797903,"endHours":9.412427376232076,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:33","end":"06:53","startHours":6.546038300551412,"endHours":6.88575848729875,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:58","end":"12:49","startHours":11.96032877683711,"endHours":12.809629243705457,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:19","end":"05:10","startHours":4.316624575022006,"endHours":5.16592504189035,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:57","end":"06:01","startHours":4.953599925173265,"endHours":6.015225508758696,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:30","end":"15:21","startHours":14.508230177442144,"endHours":15.357530644310488,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:33","end":"18:57","startHours":18.55473251178387,"endHours":18.95473251178387,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:45","end":"19:17","startHours":18.75473251178387,"endHours":19.285545303576587,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:30","end":"20:15","startHours":18.50473251178387,"endHours":20.25473251178387,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:58","end":"00:49","startHours":23.960328776837112,"endHours":24.809629243705455,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:01","end":"07:36","startHours":6.015225508758696,"endHours":7.6076638841368425,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:36","end":"09:12","startHours":7.6076638841368425,"endHours":9.200102259514988,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:12","end":"10:48","startHours":9.200102259514988,"endHours":10.792540634893136,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:48","end":"12:23","startHours":10.792540634893136,"endHours":12.384979010271284,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:23","end":"13:59","startHours":12.384979010271284,"endHours":13.97741738564943,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:59","end":"15:34","startHours":13.97741738564943,"endHours":15.569855761027576,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:34","end":"17:10","startHours":15.569855761027576,"endHours":17.162294136405723,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:10","end":"18:45","startHours":17.162294136405723,"endHours":18.75473251178387,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:45","end":"20:10","startHours":18.75473251178387,"endHours":20.162294136405723,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:10","end":"21:34","startHours":20.162294136405723,"endHours":21.569855761027576,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:34","end":"22:59","startHours":21.569855761027576,"endHours":22.97741738564943,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:59","end":"00:23","startHours":22.97741738564943,"endHours":24.384979010271284,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:23","end":"01:48","startHours":24.384979010271284,"endHours":25.792540634893136,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:48","end":"03:12","startHours":25.792540634893136,"endHours":27.200102259514992,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:12","end":"04:36","startHours":27.200102259514992,"endHours":28.607663884136844,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:36","end":"06:01","startHours":28.607663884136844,"endHours":30.015225508758697,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:01","end":"07:01","startHours":6.015225508758696,"endHours":7.015225508758696,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:01","end":"08:01","startHours":7.015225508758696,"endHours":8.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:01","end":"09:01","startHours":8.015225508758697,"endHours":9.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:01","end":"10:01","startHours":9.015225508758697,"endHours":10.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:01","end":"11:01","startHours":10.015225508758697,"endHours":11.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:01","end":"12:01","startHours":11.015225508758697,"endHours":12.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:01","end":"13:01","startHours":12.015225508758697,"endHours":13.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:01","end":"14:01","startHours":13.015225508758697,"endHours":14.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:01","end":"15:01","startHours":14.015225508758697,"endHours":15.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:01","end":"16:01","startHours":15.015225508758697,"endHours":16.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:01","end":"17:01","startHours":16.015225508758697,"endHours":17.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:01","end":"18:01","startHours":17.015225508758697,"endHours":18.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:01","end":"19:01","startHours":18.015225508758697,"endHours":19.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:01","end":"20:01","startHours":19.015225508758697,"endHours":20.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:01","end":"21:01","startHours":20.015225508758697,"endHours":21.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:01","end":"22:01","startHours":21.015225508758697,"endHours":22.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:01","end":"23:01","startHours":22.015225508758697,"endHours":23.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:01","end":"00:01","startHours":23.015225508758697,"endHours":24.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:01","end":"01:01","startHours":24.015225508758697,"endHours":25.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:01","end":"02:01","startHours":25.015225508758697,"endHours":26.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:01","end":"03:01","startHours":26.015225508758697,"endHours":27.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:01","end":"04:01","startHours":27.015225508758697,"endHours":28.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:01","end":"05:01","startHours":28.015225508758697,"endHours":29.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:01","end":"06:01","startHours":29.015225508758697,"endHours":30.015225508758697,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":21.353841492307623,"eotMinutes":-5.682740616276977,"ayanamsa":24.098}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2074,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1939,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1424,"malayalam_era":1193,"nanakshahi_year":548,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2074 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1939 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"mithuna-sankranti","name":"Mithuna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मिथुन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Gemini.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mithuna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 16, 2017 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 16, 2017 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:01, sūryāsta 18:45.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2017-07-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2017-07-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2017-07-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2017-07-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2017-07-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:56:13.975Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:56:13.975Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T13:56:13.975Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}