{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2017-04-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2017-04-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2017-04-01","date_display":"April 1, 2017 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":4,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457844.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869379.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.5417,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":38.4956,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":50.954,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.954},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":38.4956,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.829},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":26.0373},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2017,"month":4,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457844.770833,"ahargana":1869379.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0939,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.414813,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":41.04431299999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4946},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":21.391212999999993,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":6.081912999999986,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":174.58351300000004,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":336.719213,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":243.50381300000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":131.2901,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":311.2901,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":4,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457844.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869379.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.5417,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":38.4956,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":50.954,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.954},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":38.4956,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.829},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":26.0373},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.495,"elongation":50.954},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.495,"opposition_distance":129.046}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:15","sunsetLocal":"18:29","solarNoonLocal":"12:22","dayLengthHours":12.23934731085972,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 14 Mins 22 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 45 Mins 38 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:35","moonsetLocal":"22:17","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:18","end":"10:50","startHours":9.302834773970925,"endHours":10.832753187828391,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:54","end":"15:25","startHours":13.892590015543322,"endHours":15.422508429400786,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:15","end":"07:46","startHours":6.242997946255996,"endHours":7.772916360113461,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:06","end":"09:30","startHours":9.098845652123265,"endHours":9.506823895818588,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:05","startHours":6.752970750875151,"endHours":7.07935334583141,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:57","end":"12:46","startHours":11.954693357990534,"endHours":12.77064984538118,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:37","end":"05:26","startHours":4.6110849714747,"endHours":5.427041458865348,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:13","end":"06:15","startHours":5.223052337017686,"endHours":6.242997946255996,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:24","end":"15:13","startHours":14.402562820162476,"endHours":15.218519307553125,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:17","end":"18:41","startHours":18.28234525711572,"endHours":18.682345257115717,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:29","end":"19:00","startHours":18.482345257115718,"endHours":18.992318061734874,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:14","end":"19:59","startHours":18.232345257115718,"endHours":19.982345257115718,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:57","end":"00:46","startHours":23.954693357990532,"endHours":24.770649845381183,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:15","end":"07:46","startHours":6.242997946255996,"endHours":7.772916360113461,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:46","end":"09:18","startHours":7.772916360113461,"endHours":9.302834773970925,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:18","end":"10:50","startHours":9.302834773970925,"endHours":10.832753187828391,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:50","end":"12:22","startHours":10.832753187828391,"endHours":12.362671601685857,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:22","end":"13:54","startHours":12.362671601685857,"endHours":13.892590015543322,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:54","end":"15:25","startHours":13.892590015543322,"endHours":15.422508429400786,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:25","end":"16:57","startHours":15.422508429400786,"endHours":16.95242684325825,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:57","end":"18:29","startHours":16.95242684325825,"endHours":18.482345257115718,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:29","end":"19:57","startHours":18.482345257115718,"endHours":19.95242684325825,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:57","end":"21:25","startHours":19.95242684325825,"endHours":21.422508429400786,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:25","end":"22:54","startHours":21.422508429400786,"endHours":22.892590015543323,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:54","end":"00:22","startHours":22.892590015543323,"endHours":24.362671601685857,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:22","end":"01:50","startHours":24.362671601685857,"endHours":25.83275318782839,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:50","end":"03:18","startHours":25.83275318782839,"endHours":27.30283477397093,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:18","end":"04:46","startHours":27.30283477397093,"endHours":28.772916360113463,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:46","end":"06:15","startHours":28.772916360113463,"endHours":30.242997946255997,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:15","end":"07:15","startHours":6.242997946255996,"endHours":7.242997946255996,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:15","end":"08:15","startHours":7.242997946255996,"endHours":8.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:15","end":"09:15","startHours":8.242997946255997,"endHours":9.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:15","end":"10:15","startHours":9.242997946255997,"endHours":10.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:15","end":"11:15","startHours":10.242997946255997,"endHours":11.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:15","end":"12:15","startHours":11.242997946255997,"endHours":12.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:15","end":"13:15","startHours":12.242997946255997,"endHours":13.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:15","end":"14:15","startHours":13.242997946255997,"endHours":14.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:15","end":"15:15","startHours":14.242997946255997,"endHours":15.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:15","end":"16:15","startHours":15.242997946255997,"endHours":16.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:15","end":"17:15","startHours":16.242997946255997,"endHours":17.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:15","end":"18:15","startHours":17.242997946255997,"endHours":18.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:15","end":"19:15","startHours":18.242997946255997,"endHours":19.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:15","end":"20:15","startHours":19.242997946255997,"endHours":20.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:15","end":"21:15","startHours":20.242997946255997,"endHours":21.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:15","end":"22:15","startHours":21.242997946255997,"endHours":22.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:15","end":"23:15","startHours":22.242997946255997,"endHours":23.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:15","end":"00:15","startHours":23.242997946255997,"endHours":24.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:15","end":"01:15","startHours":24.242997946255997,"endHours":25.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:15","end":"02:15","startHours":25.242997946255997,"endHours":26.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:15","end":"03:15","startHours":26.242997946255997,"endHours":27.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:15","end":"04:15","startHours":27.242997946255997,"endHours":28.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:15","end":"05:15","startHours":28.242997946255997,"endHours":29.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:15","end":"06:15","startHours":29.242997946255997,"endHours":30.242997946255997,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":4.551455733712049,"eotMinutes":-4.344296101151456,"ayanamsa":24.0939}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2074,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1939,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1424,"malayalam_era":1193,"nanakshahi_year":548,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2074 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1939 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"ramanuja-jayanti","name":"Rāmānujācārya Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"रामानुजाचार्य जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Rāmānujācārya (Viśiṣṭādvaita)","significance":"Birth of Rāmānujācārya; Viśiṣṭādvaita-pratiṣṭhāpaka. Caitra Śukla 5.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":5,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Caitra"},"precedence":3}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 1, 2017 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 1, 2017 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:15, sūryāsta 18:29.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2017-04-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2017-04-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2017-04-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2017-04-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2017-04-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T14:14:35.454Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T14:14:35.454Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T14:14:35.454Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}