{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2016-08-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2016-08-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-08-16","date_display":"August 16, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":8,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457616.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869151.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":118.8724,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":268.7708,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":149.8984,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.8984},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":268.7708,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.1042},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":27.6433},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":8,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457616.770833,"ahargana":1869151.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0852,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":119.53132400000004,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":269.824124,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.6668},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":221.457224,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":146.711324,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":150.266124,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":138.47612400000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":225.50812399999995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":143.3707,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":323.3707,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":8,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457616.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869151.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":118.8724,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":268.7708,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":149.8984,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.8984},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":268.7708,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.1042},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":27.6433},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.667,"elongation":149.898},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.667,"opposition_distance":30.102}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":16,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.832,"elongation":2.371}]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:06","sunsetLocal":"18:36","solarNoonLocal":"12:21","dayLengthHours":12.499946554574118,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 30 Mins 00 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 30 Mins 00 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:38","moonsetLocal":"04:07","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:29","end":"17:03","startHours":15.481417565262403,"endHours":17.043910884584164,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:14","end":"10:48","startHours":9.231444287975343,"endHours":10.793937607297108,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:21","end":"13:55","startHours":12.356430926618874,"endHours":13.918924245940637,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:01","end":"09:26","startHours":9.023111845399107,"endHours":9.439776730551579,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:38","end":"06:58","startHours":6.627288755772402,"endHours":6.960620663894378,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:56","end":"12:46","startHours":11.939766041466402,"endHours":12.773095811771345,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:26","end":"05:16","startHours":4.439798108721932,"endHours":5.273127879026873,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:04","end":"06:06","startHours":5.064795436450638,"endHours":6.106457649331814,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:26","end":"15:16","startHours":14.439755352381225,"endHours":15.273085122686165,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:24","end":"18:48","startHours":18.406404203905932,"endHours":18.80640420390593,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:36","end":"19:08","startHours":18.60640420390593,"endHours":19.12723531034652,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:21","end":"20:06","startHours":18.35640420390593,"endHours":20.10640420390593,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:56","end":"00:46","startHours":23.939766041466402,"endHours":24.773095811771345,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:06","end":"07:40","startHours":6.106457649331814,"endHours":7.668950968653578,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:40","end":"09:14","startHours":7.668950968653578,"endHours":9.231444287975343,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:14","end":"10:48","startHours":9.231444287975343,"endHours":10.793937607297108,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:48","end":"12:21","startHours":10.793937607297108,"endHours":12.356430926618874,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:21","end":"13:55","startHours":12.356430926618874,"endHours":13.918924245940637,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:55","end":"15:29","startHours":13.918924245940637,"endHours":15.481417565262403,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:29","end":"17:03","startHours":15.481417565262403,"endHours":17.043910884584164,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:03","end":"18:36","startHours":17.043910884584164,"endHours":18.60640420390593,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:36","end":"20:03","startHours":18.60640420390593,"endHours":20.043910884584168,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:03","end":"21:29","startHours":20.043910884584168,"endHours":21.4814175652624,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:29","end":"22:55","startHours":21.4814175652624,"endHours":22.918924245940637,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:55","end":"00:21","startHours":22.918924245940637,"endHours":24.356430926618874,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:21","end":"01:48","startHours":24.356430926618874,"endHours":25.79393760729711,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:48","end":"03:14","startHours":25.79393760729711,"endHours":27.231444287975343,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:14","end":"04:40","startHours":27.231444287975343,"endHours":28.66895096865358,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:40","end":"06:06","startHours":28.66895096865358,"endHours":30.106457649331816,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":6.106457649331814,"endHours":7.106457649331814,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.106457649331814,"endHours":8.106457649331814,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.106457649331814,"endHours":9.106457649331814,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.106457649331814,"endHours":10.106457649331814,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.106457649331814,"endHours":11.106457649331814,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.106457649331814,"endHours":12.106457649331814,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.106457649331814,"endHours":13.106457649331814,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.106457649331814,"endHours":14.106457649331814,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.106457649331814,"endHours":15.106457649331814,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.106457649331814,"endHours":16.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.106457649331816,"endHours":17.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.106457649331816,"endHours":18.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.106457649331816,"endHours":19.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.106457649331816,"endHours":20.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.106457649331816,"endHours":21.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.106457649331816,"endHours":22.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.106457649331816,"endHours":23.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.106457649331816,"endHours":24.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.106457649331816,"endHours":25.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.106457649331816,"endHours":26.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.106457649331816,"endHours":27.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.106457649331816,"endHours":28.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.106457649331816,"endHours":29.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":29.106457649331816,"endHours":30.106457649331816,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":13.646426948833035,"eotMinutes":-3.969855597132357,"ayanamsa":24.0852}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Trayodaśī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 16, 2016 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 16, 2016 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Śukla Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 06:06, sūryāsta 18:36.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2016-08-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2016-08-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2016-08-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2016-08-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2016-08-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T12:20:24.385Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T12:20:24.385Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T12:20:24.385Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}