{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2016-07-18:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2016-07-18","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-07-18","date_display":"July 18, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457587.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869122.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":91.287,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":247.4525,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":156.1654,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.1654},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":247.4525,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.4525},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":338.7395},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457587.770833,"ahargana":1869122.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0841,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":91.77693199999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":248.693132,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.3923},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":210.97233200000005,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":103.63523199999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":144.93773199999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":102.85693200000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":226.05123200000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":144.9072,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":324.9072,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457587.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869122.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":91.287,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":247.4525,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":156.1654,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.1654},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":247.4525,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.4525},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":338.7395},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.392,"elongation":156.165},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.392,"opposition_distance":23.835}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:01","sunsetLocal":"18:45","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":12.727029843281501,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 43 Mins 37 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 16 Mins 23 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:09","moonsetLocal":"04:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:37","end":"09:12","startHours":7.615229077444585,"endHours":9.206107807854773,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:48","end":"12:23","startHours":10.79698653826496,"endHours":12.38786526867515,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:59","end":"15:34","startHours":13.978743999085335,"endHours":15.569622729495524,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:00","end":"09:25","startHours":8.993990643800082,"endHours":9.418224971909465,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:33","end":"06:54","startHours":6.554643257171127,"endHours":6.894030719658633,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:58","end":"12:49","startHours":11.963630940565766,"endHours":12.812099596784533,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:20","end":"05:11","startHours":4.327413034596864,"endHours":5.175881690815631,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:58","end":"06:01","startHours":4.963764526760939,"endHours":6.024350347034398,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:31","end":"15:21","startHours":14.509036909222065,"endHours":15.357505565440832,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:33","end":"18:57","startHours":18.5513801903159,"endHours":18.9513801903159,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:45","end":"19:17","startHours":18.7513801903159,"endHours":19.28167310045263,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:30","end":"20:15","startHours":18.5013801903159,"endHours":20.2513801903159,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:58","end":"00:49","startHours":23.963630940565768,"endHours":24.81209959678453,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:01","end":"07:37","startHours":6.024350347034398,"endHours":7.615229077444585,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:37","end":"09:12","startHours":7.615229077444585,"endHours":9.206107807854773,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:12","end":"10:48","startHours":9.206107807854773,"endHours":10.79698653826496,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:48","end":"12:23","startHours":10.79698653826496,"endHours":12.38786526867515,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:23","end":"13:59","startHours":12.38786526867515,"endHours":13.978743999085335,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:59","end":"15:34","startHours":13.978743999085335,"endHours":15.569622729495524,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:34","end":"17:10","startHours":15.569622729495524,"endHours":17.16050145990571,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:10","end":"18:45","startHours":17.16050145990571,"endHours":18.7513801903159,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:45","end":"20:10","startHours":18.7513801903159,"endHours":20.16050145990571,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:10","end":"21:34","startHours":20.16050145990571,"endHours":21.569622729495524,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:34","end":"22:59","startHours":21.569622729495524,"endHours":22.978743999085335,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:59","end":"00:23","startHours":22.978743999085335,"endHours":24.38786526867515,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:23","end":"01:48","startHours":24.38786526867515,"endHours":25.79698653826496,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:48","end":"03:12","startHours":25.79698653826496,"endHours":27.20610780785477,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:12","end":"04:37","startHours":27.20610780785477,"endHours":28.615229077444585,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:37","end":"06:01","startHours":28.615229077444585,"endHours":30.0243503470344,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:01","end":"07:01","startHours":6.024350347034398,"endHours":7.024350347034398,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:01","end":"08:01","startHours":7.024350347034398,"endHours":8.024350347034398,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:01","end":"09:01","startHours":8.024350347034398,"endHours":9.024350347034398,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:01","end":"10:01","startHours":9.024350347034398,"endHours":10.024350347034398,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:01","end":"11:01","startHours":10.024350347034398,"endHours":11.024350347034398,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:01","end":"12:01","startHours":11.024350347034398,"endHours":12.024350347034398,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:01","end":"13:01","startHours":12.024350347034398,"endHours":13.024350347034398,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:01","end":"14:01","startHours":13.024350347034398,"endHours":14.024350347034398,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:01","end":"15:01","startHours":14.024350347034398,"endHours":15.024350347034398,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:01","end":"16:01","startHours":15.024350347034398,"endHours":16.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:01","end":"17:01","startHours":16.0243503470344,"endHours":17.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:01","end":"18:01","startHours":17.0243503470344,"endHours":18.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:01","end":"19:01","startHours":18.0243503470344,"endHours":19.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:01","end":"20:01","startHours":19.0243503470344,"endHours":20.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:01","end":"21:01","startHours":20.0243503470344,"endHours":21.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:01","end":"22:01","startHours":21.0243503470344,"endHours":22.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:01","end":"23:01","startHours":22.0243503470344,"endHours":23.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:01","end":"00:01","startHours":23.0243503470344,"endHours":24.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:01","end":"01:01","startHours":24.0243503470344,"endHours":25.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:01","end":"02:01","startHours":25.0243503470344,"endHours":26.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:01","end":"03:01","startHours":26.0243503470344,"endHours":27.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:01","end":"04:01","startHours":27.0243503470344,"endHours":28.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:01","end":"05:01","startHours":28.0243503470344,"endHours":29.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:01","end":"06:01","startHours":29.0243503470344,"endHours":30.0243503470344,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":20.97136987240582,"eotMinutes":-5.85591612050904,"ayanamsa":24.0841}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Caturdaśī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 18, 2016 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 18, 2016 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Śukla Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 06:01, sūryāsta 18:45.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2016-07-18","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2016-07-18","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2016-07-18","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2016-07-18","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2016-07-18"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:01:57.455Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:01:57.455Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T13:01:57.455Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}