{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:salem:2012-12-13:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2012-12-13","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2012-12-13","date_display":"December 13, 2012 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":12,"day":13,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456274.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867809.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":236.9636,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":232.8238,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":355.8602,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.8602},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":232.8238,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.1571},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":109.7874},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2012,"month":12,"day":13,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456274.770833,"ahargana":1867809.2708,"kali_year":5114,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0339,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":237.39569800000004,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":232.85859800000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.4152},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":265.70809800000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":218.30599800000005,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":45.52669800000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":211.86849800000005,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":193.56139800000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":214.4763,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":34.4763,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":12,"day":13,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456274.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867809.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":236.9636,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":232.8238,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":355.8602,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.8602},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":232.8238,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.1571},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":109.7874},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.415,"elongation":4.14},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.415,"opposition_distance":175.86}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"salem","name":"Salem, Tamil Nadu","lat":11.6643,"lon":78.146,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:29","sunsetLocal":"17:56","solarNoonLocal":"12:12","dayLengthHours":11.448245267828788,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 26 Mins 54 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 33 Mins 06 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:11","moonsetLocal":"17:37","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:38","end":"15:04","startHours":13.636453154321629,"endHours":15.067483812800228,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:29","end":"07:55","startHours":6.481299861928637,"endHours":7.912330520407235,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:21","end":"10:46","startHours":9.343361178885834,"endHours":10.774391837364433,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:09","end":"09:32","startHours":9.152557091088688,"endHours":9.53416526668298,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:57","end":"07:16","startHours":6.958310081421503,"endHours":7.263596621896937,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:49","end":"12:35","startHours":11.823814320248738,"endHours":12.587030671437324,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:57","end":"05:43","startHours":4.9548671595514655,"endHours":5.718083510740051,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:32","end":"06:29","startHours":5.527279422942905,"endHours":6.481299861928637,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:07","end":"14:53","startHours":14.113463373814495,"endHours":14.876679725003081,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:44","end":"18:08","startHours":17.729545129757426,"endHours":18.129545129757425,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:56","end":"18:24","startHours":17.929545129757425,"endHours":18.40655534925029,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:41","end":"19:26","startHours":17.679545129757425,"endHours":19.429545129757425,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:49","end":"00:35","startHours":23.823814320248736,"endHours":24.587030671437326,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:29","end":"07:55","startHours":6.481299861928637,"endHours":7.912330520407235,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:55","end":"09:21","startHours":7.912330520407235,"endHours":9.343361178885834,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:21","end":"10:46","startHours":9.343361178885834,"endHours":10.774391837364433,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:46","end":"12:12","startHours":10.774391837364433,"endHours":12.205422495843031,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:12","end":"13:38","startHours":12.205422495843031,"endHours":13.636453154321629,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:38","end":"15:04","startHours":13.636453154321629,"endHours":15.067483812800228,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:04","end":"16:30","startHours":15.067483812800228,"endHours":16.498514471278828,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:30","end":"17:56","startHours":16.498514471278828,"endHours":17.929545129757425,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:56","end":"19:30","startHours":17.929545129757425,"endHours":19.498514471278828,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:30","end":"21:04","startHours":19.498514471278828,"endHours":21.067483812800226,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:04","end":"22:38","startHours":21.067483812800226,"endHours":22.63645315432163,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:38","end":"00:12","startHours":22.63645315432163,"endHours":24.20542249584303,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:12","end":"01:46","startHours":24.20542249584303,"endHours":25.774391837364433,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:46","end":"03:21","startHours":25.774391837364433,"endHours":27.343361178885836,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:21","end":"04:55","startHours":27.343361178885836,"endHours":28.912330520407235,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:55","end":"06:29","startHours":28.912330520407235,"endHours":30.481299861928637,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.481299861928637,"endHours":7.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.481299861928637,"endHours":8.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.481299861928637,"endHours":9.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.481299861928637,"endHours":10.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.481299861928637,"endHours":11.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.481299861928637,"endHours":12.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.481299861928637,"endHours":13.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.481299861928637,"endHours":14.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.481299861928637,"endHours":15.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.481299861928637,"endHours":16.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.481299861928637,"endHours":17.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.481299861928637,"endHours":18.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.481299861928637,"endHours":19.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.481299861928637,"endHours":20.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.481299861928637,"endHours":21.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.481299861928637,"endHours":22.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.481299861928637,"endHours":23.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.481299861928637,"endHours":24.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.481299861928637,"endHours":25.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.481299861928637,"endHours":26.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.481299861928637,"endHours":27.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.481299861928637,"endHours":28.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.481299861928637,"endHours":29.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.481299861928637,"endHours":30.481299861928637,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.159441888130512,"eotMinutes":5.090650249418121,"ayanamsa":24.0339}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2069,"vikram_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","saka_samvat":1934,"saka_samvatsara":"Nandana","bengali_samvat":1419,"malayalam_era":1188,"nanakshahi_year":543,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Kārtika","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2069 Viśvāvasu · Śaka 1934 Nandana"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā + Jyeṣṭhā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":1}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"salem"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 13, 2012 CE · Salem, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 13, 2012 CE for Salem, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 06:29, sūryāsta 17:56.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2012-12-13","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2012-12-13","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2012-12-13","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2012-12-13","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/salem/2012-12-13"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T18:08:03.513Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T18:08:03.513Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T18:08:03.513Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}